Western Culture

[Inglis Academy](http://www.inglisacademy.com) - literacy in Art and Music - [website](http://www.inglisacademy.com)

0001-12-25 21:14:51

Christianity

Judeo Christian ideals form the basis of modern Western Culture.

0100 BC-01-01 00:00:00

Belvedere Torso

Fragment of statue, possibly of Heracles. The contorted pose of the torso and musculature were highly influential on late Renaissance, Mannerist, and Baroque artists, including Michelangelo and Raphael.

0332 BC-01-01 00:00:00

Classical Antiquity

Period of cultural history centered on the Mediterranean Sea, comprising the interlocking civilizations of ancient Greece and ancient Rome, collectively known as the Greco-Roman world.

0550-01-01 00:00:00

Isle of Man

Monks preserve knowledge of classical art.

0550-01-01 00:01:01

Byzantine

Iconoclastic

0641-01-01 00:00:00

Middle Ages

0730-01-01 00:01:01

Emperor Leo, the Thracian

(The Syrian) banned all depiction of human figures and ordered them all destroyed. Possibly the lowest point in Western Culture.

0800-01-01 00:01:01

Fall of Rome

Vandals, Goths, Visi-Goths, Celts, Picts, Angles, Saxons, Jutes

0900-01-01 00:01:01

Dark Ages

Black Plague

1200 BC-01-01 01:01:01

Ancient Greece

Foundation of Western Culture. Classical proportions. 1.161 Ionian, Doric and Corinthian columns. Golden Mean. Humanistic art.

1215-01-01 00:00:00

Magna Carta

Foundational document for the liberty of the individual.

1300-01-01 00:01:01

Renaissance

Cultural bridge between the Middle Ages and modern history.

1453-01-01 00:01:01

Fall of Constantinople

New caliphate established by the Ottoman Turks

1490-01-01 00:01:01

High Renaissance

Raphael, da Vinci, Michelangelo reinvented perspective

1529-01-01 00:00:00

Siege of Vienna

the first attempt by the Ottoman Empire, led by Suleiman the Magnificent, to capture the city of Vienna, Austria. The siege signalled the pinnacle of the Ottoman Empire's power and the maximum extent of Ottoman expansion in central Europe. Thereafter, 150 years of bitter military tension and reciprocal attacks ensued, culminating in the Battle of Vienna of 1683, which marked the start of the 15-year-long Great Turkish War.

1561-01-25 00:00:00

Francis Bacon

English philosopher, statesman, scientist, jurist, orator, and author. He served both as Attorney General and as Lord Chancellor of England. After his death, he remained extremely influential through his works, especially as philosophical advocate and practitioner of the scientific method during the scientific revolution.

1632-08-29 00:00:00

John Locke

Most influential of Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "Father of Liberalism". Considered one of the first of the British empiricists, following the tradition of Sir Francis Bacon, he is equally important to social contract theory. His work greatly affected the development of epistemology and political philosophy. His writings influenced Voltaire and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, many Scottish Enlightenment thinkers, as well as the American revolutionaries. His contributions to classical republicanism and liberal theory are reflected in the United States Declaration of Independence.

1643-11-28 00:00:00

Sir Isaac Newton

Visual Light Spectrum

1678-11-28 00:00:00

Vivaldi

Italian Baroque composer, virtuoso violinist, teacher and cleric. Composed over 550 concertos.

1683-09-12 00:00:00

Battle of Vienna

Took place at Kahlenberg Mountain near Vienna on 12 September 1683[1] after the imperial city had been besieged by the Ottoman Empire for two months. The battle was fought by the Habsburg Monarchy, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Holy Roman Empire, under the command of King John III Sobieski against the Ottomans.

1685-11-28 00:00:00

Handel

German, later British, baroque composer ... well known for his operas, oratorios, anthems, and organ concertos.

1685-11-28 00:00:00

Bach

Lutheran composer, organist, kappelmeister

1732-07-02 15:12:00

Haydn

... instrumental in the development of chamber music such as the piano trio and his contributions to musical form...

1743-01-01 00:00:00

Lavoisier

- discovery of the role oxygen plays in combustion. - recognized and named oxygen (1778) and hydrogen (1783) and opposed the phlogiston theory. - helped construct the metric system - wrote the first extensive list of elements - helped to reform chemical nomenclature. - He predicted the existence of silicon - the first to establish that sulfur was an element (1777) rather than a compound. - discovered that, although matter may change its form or shape, its mass always remains the same.

1756-04-26 02:46:07

Mozart

prolific and influential composer of the Classical era. Roman Catholic

1770-04-26 02:46:07

Beethoven

crucial figure in the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras

1786-01-01 00:01:01

Chevreul Colour Wheel

Michel Eugène Chevreul develops the colour wheel.

1791-09-22 00:00:00

Faraday

established the basis for the concept of the electromagnetic field in physics.

1833-04-26 02:46:07

Brahms

German composer and pianist of the Romantic period. Lutheran.

1839-01-01 00:01:01

Cezanne

Post-Impressionist painter whose work laid the foundations of the transition from the 19th-century conception of artistic endeavor to a new and radically different world of art in the 20th century

1840-01-01 00:01:01

Monet

a founder of French Impressionist painting, and the most consistent and prolific practitioner of the movement's philosophy of expressing one's perceptions before nature, especially as applied to plein-air landscape painting.

1853-01-01 00:01:01

Van Gogh

Developed a simple language of art.

1862-01-01 00:00:00

Debussy

Pianist and Impressionist composer.

1904-01-01 00:00:00

Fauvism

Fr. "The Wild Beasts" Derain, Matisse

1910-01-01 00:00:00

Cubism

Picasso & Braque et al, One primary influence that led to Cubism was the representation of three-dimensional form in the late works of Paul Cézanne.

1910-01-01 00:00:00

Futurism

originated in Italy in the early 20th century. It emphasized speed, technology, youth, and violence, and objects such as the car, the aeroplane, and the industrial city.

1914-01-01 00:00:00

Art Deco

Took its name, short for Arts Décoratifs, from the Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes (International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts) held in Paris in 1925. It combined modernist styles with fine craftsmanship and rich materials. During its heyday, Art Deco represented luxury, glamour, exuberance, and faith in social and technological progress.

1915-01-01 00:00:00

Dada

European avant-garde with early centers in Zürich, Switzerland at the Cabaret Voltaire. Developed in reaction to World War I, the Dada movement consisted of artists who rejected the logic, reason, and aestheticism of modern capitalist society, instead expressing nonsense, irrationality, and anti-bourgeois protest in their works. Dadaist artists expressed their discontent with violence, war, and nationalism, and maintained political affinities with the radical left.

1920-01-01 00:00:00

Surrealism

Dali et al. Artists painted unnerving, illogical scenes with photographic precision, created strange creatures from everyday objects, and developed painting techniques that allowed the unconscious to express itself.

1943-01-01 00:00:00

Maslow

The Hierarchy of Needs - a map of human potential as realised via culture.

1950-01-01 00:00:00

Postmodernism

From Rousseau's rejection of the Enlightment you can trace a line to the nihilistic semantics of mid 20 French philosophers such as Sartre, Derrida, Focault.

1960-01-01 00:00:00

Minimalism

began in post–World War II Western art, most strongly with American visual arts in the 1960s and early 1970s. Prominent artists associated with minimalism include Donald Judd, John McCracken, Agnes Martin, Dan Flavin, Robert Morris, Anne Truitt, and Frank Stella.[1][2] It derives from the reductive aspects of modernism and is often interpreted as a reaction against abstract expressionism and a bridge to postminimal art practices.

2630 BC-01-01 00:00:00

Pyramid of Djoser

Earliest known Egyptian built with inclined planes, fulcrums, gears and slave labour.

3000 BC-01-01 00:33:11

Australian Art

Bradshaw art - aboriginal or Indonesian?

3000 BC-01-01 00:33:11

Egyptian Art

2D. Depth shown by occlusion / Figures in profile / Eye of Horus in frontal view

3000 BC-01-01 00:33:11

French Art

Lascaux is famous for its Palaeolithic cave paintings, found in a complex of caves in the Dordogne region of southwestern France, because of their exceptional quality, size, sophistication and antiquity. Estimated to be up to 20,000 years old, the paintings consist primarily of large animals, once native to the region.

Western Culture

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