They came back in 43AD and stayed in Britain for 400 years.So Britain became part of the Roman Empire. The Romans changed the country . They build new roads, new towns and baths.
They introduced the Latin language
The Romans first attacked Britain with Julius Caeasar in 54 BC.
The tribes in the North were very wild, so Emperor Hadrian decided to build a long and tall wall to protect the empire: Hadrian's Wall
The Celts worshipped the natural elements: The Sun, the Moon and the Water
The Celts are ancestors of many of the people living in Scotland, Wales, Cornwall and Ireland today.They spoke GAELIC, an old language still spoken today in some villages of Scotland and Wales.
In 409 AD the Romans left Britain because Gothic tribes started to attack their Empire in Rome.
They were very artistic and their art is still very popular today. There is a lot of Celtic Art in Scotland and Ireland. Celtic art is based on continuous lines and knots.
The Celts practiced agriculture and they introduced the PLOUGH in agriculture.
The Celts lived in villages. Their houses were round and the roofs were made of straw.
The Celts arrived in boats from Central Europe, in about 500 BC.The Celts were warriors and farmers.They were tall, with fair hair and blue eyes.
They ruled for 500 years.They destroyed the Roman British towns. They gave the large part of Britain its name: England: the land of the Angles . They were farmers and fishermen
The Anglo-Saxons invaded Britain in the 5th century.They came from Holland, Denmark and Germany, looking for a place that was easy to defend.
The Celts lived during the Iron Age. In fact they worked iron and made iron tools and weapons.
The Anglo-Saxons weren't Christians. They believed in different Gods, like "Woden", the God of War and "Frigg", the Goddess of Love.
They were organized in clans. Loyalty to family and the lord was the most important value. They liked feasting and drinking
They landed in Britain in 789.
The Anglo-Saxons conquered Britain and divided it into 7 kingdoms.
The Vikings arrived in the 9th century AD.They came from Scandinavia .They were violent and cruel.They were skilled at sea.They were good navigators. They built strong and fast ships. They were merchants and craftsmen. The Vikings produced jewellery and objects made from wood and bone.The Vikings made bread. They grew vegetables and fruit. They kept pigs, sheep and cows. They were also fishermen and they ate fish from the rivers and the sea
In 959 a Saxon King called Edgar became the first King of a united England.
The Vikings made York their capital and called it Jorvik Jorvik became an important trading center for the production of their jewellery and objects.Around 1890 archeologists found lots of Viking objects in York and they used them to create the Jorvik Viking Centre, where visitors can see a reconstructed Viking world with sights, sound and smells
The Normans from northern France invaded England.
After the victory, William built many castles and towers. Norman castles were generally built of stone, even if the first castles were made of wood. Kings and nobles built them to protect themselves from their enemies.
The Normans ruled for 400 years. But it wasn't a peaceful time, because there were important wars with Scotland and France
The Normans started a feudal system in England. In the feudal system the King was at the top. The king gave land to nobles in exchange of military service. The nobles in turn divided up their land to the people under them in return for service. At the bottom of society there were the peasants who had nothing and had to do all the work. In time, Normans and Saxons mixed and became "English".
1066. marked the beginning of a new historical era in Britain. William, Duke of Normandy, defeated Harold,the last Anglo-Saxon King, at the Battle of Hastings in 1066 AD. Harold died with an arrow in his eye and William won the Battle. He is often called "William the Conqueror"
He was crowned King on Christmas Day with the name of Willam I
William I also built a castle at Nottingham in 1068. There's a castle there today but it is more recent.
William I built the "white tower" and later other towers were added and they became the Tower of London. Medieval Kings of England lived in the White Tower with their families and their court. The Government met there. The Royal family lived at the top of the tower
The Castle is near Sherwood Forest, famous for the legendary hero Robin Hood.
An other important event in English history during the Medieval period happened in 1215, when the Church and the nobles forced king John to sign the "Magna Charta" This document limited the King's power and gave rights to poor people and prisoners.
In 1338-1453 there was the Hundred Years'War. The Kings of England said that France was part of their Kingdom. Each new King sent an army to France and won or lost a little territory. In the end England left France.
In 1348 the Black Death arrived and half of the population died.
Stonehenge was a Bronze Age monument.It was a circle of very big horizontal and vertical stones.It is 4550 years old.Probably Stonehenge was used for religious cerimonies or as astronomic observation
About 2000 BC ,in the Bronze Age,Pre-Christian people built Stonehenge
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