They started to walk with two legs having long tails to help the grab on things. They had to climb up trees so the had long tails. They are able to walk but not as stable as the later developed ones. They had arms to help, but couldn’t hold things weel due to the muscles that are not well developed. They ate birds so that is the reason why they would have to be able to climb tall trees.
Cretaceous period was the development of the radiation of flowering plants. Pollinating insects like bees and wasps evolved about the same time with angiosperms. Cretaceous period animals started to evolve flighting animals known as ancient birds called pterosaurs. Feathers also evolved for thermoregulation for warmth.
They had larger wings in order to migrate easier and faster due to the cold weather. Due to the fact that there are various of animals, they have to develop to become better. They had bigger wings so that they could fly faster and could catch prey easier. Natural selection had selected the ones with the biggest wings to survive and reproduce the best generations of Longweriny.
The present period which is known as ice age due to the fact that it has ice sheet on the south and north poles. However, Pleistocene Epoch (the last ice age) was drier and colder than the present day. Glaciers covered 30 percent of Earth’s surface. The animals during this period are mammoth, mastodon, giant bison, woolly rhinoceros which are able to live in cold environments. Its prey are saber toothed cats, cave bears, and dire wolves.
They develop into a better dog like organism. They had ears dropping down because they had better environment in which they do not have to be aware of predators. During this period of time, it migrated to a place where there are less organisms. Due to founder effect, it had moved there and develop their dropped ears. They are more friendly and nice to others due to the difference of environment that they lived in.
It is known as the Age of Dinosaurs. Continents began to drift apart with warm temperatures. During this period of time, reptiles were the majority. They had evolved from amphibians and developed strong harden bones which were supported by muscles. Dinosaurs are one of the largest animals that lived during this period. Reptiles had the ability to lay amniotic eggs (eggs that contain amniotic fluid which is a fluid that protects embryo from getting harmed). This helps keep the young moist and nourished. Besides from dinosaurs there were small herbivores and insectivores. Not only this, it has marine life existing during this period of time. One of the largest marine carnivores were called the plesiosaurs which had wide bodies and long necks with four flipper shaped wings. Furthermore, cephalopod which are ancestors of squid, sharks, and rays also existed during this period of time. In addition, plants during this period of time developed from bryophytes (plants that lacked vascular tissue such as mosses) developed into gymnosperms (plants that had bisexual reproduction and pollen such as conifers).
Mammals started to adapt during this period of time. The organism started to adapt into a dog like organism. It had big foot and large ears pointing up. They walk mainly using the two enormous foot at its back. It had characteristics similar to dinosaurs in which it cannot walk steadily. It is very violent because it had to protect itself from the dangers it faced competing with dinosaurs.
It has been hypothesised that an asteroid impact, climate change, and flood erupted.
They started to develop small wings to help them fly a bit in order to access new lands. Due to the mutation in the homeotic gene allows the wing of the organism to grow. Since it could not adapt to the less nutrients grass, it had to fly around in order to access the good nutrients ones.
Mountain rose and sea level fells. Climate cooled and dried. Species were either adapting or otherwise dead. The continents crashed to one another and the ice cap grew and thickened. Snow fell on high mountain and sea levels fluctuated which build land bridges across continents. This allows animals to access new lands. There were climate changes during this period of time resulting in grasslands (habitat with cooler and drier weather with less nutrients). Plant eating animals would have to adapt to suit these environments. Horses develop stronger teeth. Camels, sheep, and giraffes develop stomach that could digest grass. New type of large brown algae called kelp formed allowed sea otters to live in this new environment habitat. Furthermore, sharks became the majority during this period.
They are known as the Age of Reptiles. A group of reptiles returned to the ocean. They are lizard like and had tetrapod ancestry. They probably swam moving side to side. Later, they evolved into pure marine organisms. Plants and insects do not go through any evolutionary advances due to dry climates. Mammals started to develop.
During this period, the organism started to become reptile. It developed legs, however, it still has to swim so it had flippers along its slide to help it swim. It could live on land or on oceans. It could crawl but at the same time swim. It had the physical appearance which is alike to mammals which could confused others whether it is a reptile or mammals, but it is considered a reptile.
Stable continents first appeared. First abundant fossils appear (mostly bacteria and archaeans). Evidence of oxygen build up in atmosphere appear. During this period there were stromatolites which were layered mounds produced by growth of microbial mats which were type of rock. However, it started to decline due to the theory that eukaryotes started to form and began feeding on them.
Since oxygen started to occur, the eukaryotic cell started to develop. It would stay in moist temperate environment similar to seed. It is the first sign that living organisms are developing. It does not have any systems yet. It is just the beginning of everything.
96% of the species were lost. It is known as "The Great Dying" which was caused by an enormous volcanic eruption that released lots of carbon dioxide. Bacteria inhale those methane and oceans become acidic.
Include massive areas of land and water. Supercontinent called pangea formed. Most of Earth’s surface was occupied by a single ocean called Panthalassa. Regions are probably dry due to the lack of variation provided by bodies of water and barely received any rainfall. Also, it is because there is a decrease in amount of glaciers. The plants during this forests of fern-like plants shifted to gymnosperms.
The organisms started to develop into land animals. Since it is scared of dryness, it would stay in seas and oceans and float around. Also due to the fact that sea and oceans began to cover parts of continents, the organisms would have to still live on the sea. Although, it is the period in which it is adapting into mammals, it had the characteristic of mammals living on the ocean.
There are rich deposit of coals during this period. The amniote egg developed for certain tetrapods. It prevents ancestors of birds, mammals, and reptiles to lay their eggs with fear of dryness. The temperature during this period is mild resulting in a decrease in lycopods (clubmoss) and large insects and increase in number of tree ferns. Carboniferous period is divided into two categories which are Mississippian and Pennsylvanian. Mississippian period is heavily marine with seas covering parts of continent. The majority rocks during those times are limestone. Pennsylvanian environment are terrestrial and marine with the regression of seas caused by glaciation. These environmental conditions that had various amount of plants provide massive amount of coal forests allow for the formation of coal.
About 75% of species disappeared. There is no clear evidence of what caused this extinction. However, it is predicted that giant plants had released nutrients into the oceans and volcanic ash cooled Earth's temperature.
Organisms started to develop legs and fins although it still swims. By having proper legs, it helps the organisms balance and could swim faster. During this time, fishes keep developing into more advances ones. They started to adapt and result in differences in body movement and ways of living.
Earth’s crust had cooled and continents began to form. Earth’s heat flow was nearly three times as of it now because it occurred during the formation of Earth’s core. Nearly lacked free oxygen.
After the mass extinction, organisms started to recovered and developed into fishes. They do not have teeth, but have jaws. They use their sharp jaws to find prey for food. Their characteristics are different from the modern day fish, they are more violent and scary in order to survive the hard times.
It is known as the “Ages of Fishes” however, there are also evolution of plants, first insects, and others. Placoderms (armored fishes) are the dominant population during those times and they became major predators. They had simple jaws but not true teeth. Their mouths have bony structures used to kill preys. Later on, sharks and rays started to appear and develop. During this period of time, progymnosperms such as archaeopteris were the first successful trees. They have softwood trunk and grew in sequential rings. They do not have real leaves but fern like leaves connected to the branches instead. Millipedes, centipedes, and arachnids continue to develop during this period.
86% of life on Earth was wiped out. Two major things that was hypothesised to cause this extinction was glaciation and falling seas levels. Furthermore, there are suggestions that too many plants had taken up carbon dioxide from the environment which changed the temperature.
There is melting of large glaciers which causes a rise of the major seas. This results in many new marine habitat being created, allowing evolution such as coral reefs and fishes. Also, there are good evidence of evolution on life on land and vascular plants. However the plants during those time, do not have leaves and lack vascular tissue. Although there are no volcanic eruption during this period of time, formation of mountains chains occurred. Rise in sea levels, causes new marine habitats.
Earth’s initial formation. The formation of dust and gases. Also, the development of atmosphere and oceans.
The northern area was almost entirely ocean. It is best known for its diverse marine invertebrates. The weather was warm and contain lot of moisture. However massive glaciers formed on the upper region and caused shallow sea to runoff which caused mass extinctions. Reef ecosystem continue to become dominated by algaes and sponges but global disturbances cause collapsion. Ordovician fish had huge bony shield on its head, tiny rod shaped scales covering its tail, and slitlike mouth at the front of the animal.
Chordates (animals that have backbones and notochord) and anthropoids (animals that have legs and hard shells made of chitin) evolved. The climate was generally cold but was warming up since the glaciers were declining. The tectonic of single supercontinent Rodinia broke apart. No life existed on land yet. They were very aquatic which means they live on the seafloor. It was covered by a mat of microbial life above thick layer of oxygen-free mud.
Since there were no true living organisms yet and they lived underwater, the organism started to develop eyes and mouth due to the fact that they were trying to feed themselves and evolving. They developed nose because they had oxygen-free mud that they could start to absorb oxygen and nutrients from. Their head are made of hard shells, preventing it from being hit by huge substances since only its head is being developed.
They started to have shorter tails so that they could balance better. Since they grow to eat grass, they do not need to climb trees. Throughout this period, they started to develop walking with two legs with usable arms. In the past, they could not use their hands to grab things, but now they could since there were variety of food on trees that they could grab.
Dinosaurs and large marine reptiles were completely extinct during this period. Continents drifted farther than they used to, moving towards the modern day location. Ocean gaps were expanded and sea level dropped. Climates were cooled and dried which lead to a dramatic change in temperature. A clear evidence of this would be that the sea surface temperature rose about 9 to 14 fahrenheit over a few thousand years which killed numerous single celled marine organisms known as foraminifera and other invertebrates. This result in various of trees and shrubs with hardwoods, sequoias (redwood trees), and pines growing around the forests in northern region. An effect from this is that herd of grazing mammals are developed. Squid and soft bodied cephalopods evolved replacing shelled relatives. In addition, sea snails, bivalves, foraminifera, and sea urchins were evolved into new forms replacing the ones that died off from extinction. Lastly, the biggest progress was the whales in which they were land mammals that had moved to seas.
76% of life was extinct. It is hypothesised to have volcanic activity, asteroid impact, and climate change.
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