Period 4

Conflict between Britain and the United States both at sea and in the West led to war once again between the two nations. While the United States gained no land from the war, it proved crucial to the development of the young nation, earning it international respect and lighting a fire of nationalism in the people. The result: unprecedented economic and social vitality and the democratization of American politics. However, these changes also led to increasing divisions between the North and South as the two developed radically different economies: manufacturing driven by the Industrial Revolution in the North and plantations and cash crops driven by the cotton boom in the South. While a renewed sense of American exceptionalism brought the country together, regional interests became increasingly important resulting in significant conflicts over distribution of power, financial policy, and the role of the federal government. © Apprend, Inc

1775-01-01 07:53:30

Industrial Revolution begins

The transition from hand production to machine production in manufacturing.

1775-02-01 07:53:30

Steam Engine/James Watt

The first mass market steam engine.

1787-01-01 07:53:30

Utopian Societies

Model communities designed to create the perfect society.

1787-01-01 07:53:30

Federalist Party

The first American political party.

1789-09-15 07:53:30

Article 1, Section 8, Clause 8

Copyright clause of the Constitution.

1790-01-01 07:53:30

Lowell System

A production system used in the early New England textile industry.

1791-01-01 07:53:30

Democrat-Republicans

Political party formed in opposition to the Federalist Party.

1793-01-01 07:53:30

Samuel Slater

An American industrialist who established the United States’ textile industry.

1793-10-28 07:53:30

Eli Whitney

Inventor of the cotton gin and popularizer of interchangeable parts.

1794-03-14 07:53:30

Cotton Gin

A machine that separates the seeds of the cotton plant from the fiber.

1795-01-01 07:53:30

Pennsylvania’s Lancaster Turnpike

The first long distance paved road in the United States.

1795-10-27 07:53:30

Pinckney Treaty of 1795

Treaty between the United States and Spain.

1796-01-01 07:53:30

King Caucus

The selection of presidential nominees by each party’s congressional delegation.

1798-01-01 07:53:30

Interchangeable Parts

Parts of a machine which are essentially identical.

1799-01-01 07:53:30

Machine tooling

The process of shaping or altering metal with a machine.

1801-01-01 07:53:30

Barbary Pirates/ First Barbary War

A naval war between the United States and the Barbary States of North Africa.

1801-02-04 07:53:30

John Marshall

Fourth chief justice of the Supreme Court.

1801-03-04 07:53:30

Thomas Jefferson

Third president of the United States.

1803-02-24 07:53:30

Marbury v. Madison

The Supreme Court case in which judicial review was established.

1803-04-30 07:53:30

Louisiana Purchase

The sale of the Louisiana Territory from France to the United States.

1804-05-14 07:53:30

Lewis and Clark Expedition

An expedition commissioned by Thomas Jefferson to explore the newly acquired Louisiana Territory.

1804-06-15 07:53:30

12th amendment

The constitutional amendment that separated voting for the president and vice president to two different ballots.

1804-07-11 07:53:30

Aaron Burr

Leading Democratic-Republican most famous for killing Alexander Hamilton in a duel.

1806-01-01 07:53:30

“Quids”

Factions of the Democratic-Republican Party who advocated a return to their traditional policies and platforms.

1806-03-29 07:53:30

Cumberland Road

The first nationally built road.

1807-06-22 07:53:30

Chesapeake-Leopard Affair

A brief naval battle off the coast of Virginia between the British HMS Leopold and the American USS Chesapeake.

1807-08-17 07:53:30

Steamboat/Robert Fulton/Clermont

Robert Fulton created the first commercial steamboat, named The North River Steamboat of Claremont.

1807-12-22 07:53:30

Embargo Act of 1807

An embargo enacted by the United States against France and Great Britain during the Napoleonic Wars.

1808-04-06 07:53:30

American Fur Company/ John Jacob Astor

The company that solely controlled the fur trade in the United States.

1808-12-07 07:53:30

Election of 1808

Presidential election in which James Madison was elected to the presidency.

1809-03-01 07:53:30

Non-intercourse Act of 1809

A law embargoing only ships headed to British or French ports.

1809-03-04 07:53:30

James Madison

Founding father and fourth president of the United States.

1810-01-01 07:53:30

Fletcher v. Peck

The Supreme Court case in which the Supreme Court first ruled a state law unconstitutional.

1810-05-14 07:53:30

Macon’s Bill No. 2

A law promising to stop trade with whichever country—Great Britain or France—did not stop attacking American ships.

1810-07-01 07:53:30

War Hawks

A faction of the Twelfth Congress that supported aggressive American expansion and opposition to Britain.

1811-01-01 07:53:30

New York Corporation Law

The first law in the country allowing for the free incorporation of businesses.

1811-03-04 07:53:30

Henry Clay

One of the three senatorial giants of the antebellum period.

1812-06-01 07:53:30

War of 1812

A war between the United States and Great Britain.

1812-07-12 07:53:30

Invasion of Canada

During the war of 1812, the United States staged several invasions in an attempt to seize control of Canada.

1812-08-19 07:53:30

“Old Ironsides” / USS Constitution

An American warship that won several victories against the British in the War of 1812.

1812-12-02 07:53:30

Election of 1812

Presidential election in which James Madison was re-elected president.

1813-10-05 07:53:30

Tecumseh

A Shawnee leader who formed a tribal confederacy to oppose the United States.

1813-10-05 07:53:30

Battle of Thames

A significant United States victory over Britain and Tecumseh’s Confederacy.

1814-03-27 07:53:30

Battle of Horseshoe Bend

A War of 1812 battle fought in the Mississippi Territory between the United States and a segment of the Creek tribe resisting American expansion.

1814-09-13 07:53:30

Fort McHenry/Star Spangled Banner

A fort best known for its successful defense of Baltimore Harbor in the War of 1812.

1814-12-15 07:53:30

Hartford Convention

Series of meetings of the Federalist Party to discuss their objections to the War of 1812.

1814-12-24 07:53:30

Treaty of Ghent

The peace treaty that ended the War of 1812.

1815-01-01 07:53:30

Sectionalism

The prioritizing of regional interests over national interests.

1815-01-08 07:53:30

Battle of New Orleans

The final significant battle of the War of 1812.

1815-01-18 07:53:30

End of the War of 1812

The end of the war legitimized the United States as a country and set the foundation for British-American relations going forward.

Period 4

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