The narrow waterway connecting the Pacific Ocean to the Arctic Ocean. This is the site of the theorized crossing of humans from Asia to North America.
A pre-Columbian empire in modern-day Mexico and Central America extending from 750 BCE to 900 AD
There are six primary Southwestern tribes: the Apache, Navajo, Yuma, Pima, Hopi, and Zuni.
A combination of various tribes so-named by the Spanish because of their multi-level adobe homes that the Spanish called pueblos.
The Midwest of the United States was populated by a large number of different tribes at the time of European contact.
A large urban settlement central to the Mississippian culture.
The American Indians of the Northwest were organized into houses, rather than tribes, loosely organized by common language and familial relations.
The language of groups of American Indians in the Pacific Northwest.
The American Indians of the Northeast lived in an area of varied ecosystems which led to a greater variety of practice.
The largest political organization in pre-contact North America.
A widespread American Indian language group ranging across most of modern-day Canada and pockets in the Northeast and northern parts of the Midwest in the modern-day United States.
A Portuguese prince who was the first monarch to invest heavily in naval exploration. He funded exploratory trips
A pre-Columbian empire in the Valley of Mexico between the 14th and 16th centuries.
The largest pre-Columbian empire, covering almost all of western South America from southern Columbia to northwestern Argentina.
An Italian navigator who led a trans-Atlantic voyage that resulted in European discovery of the Americas.
The transfer of animals, plants, technology, and disease between Europeans and the native populations in the Americas.
European diseases exported to the New World killed up to 90% of the population of the New World.
Treaty between Spain and Portugal dividing the New World—and all future discovered lands in it--between them.
A theoretical waterway passage that connected the Pacific Ocean with the Atlantic Ocean through North America.
First European explorer of North America after the Vikings.
A paternalistic system instituted by the Spanish to control and regulate the American Indian populations.
A Spanish colony that was the first European territory claimed in North America.
A social and property system instituted by Spain granting large tracts of land to individuals.
A company in which individuals could buy a share, or a percentage of the company.
A mythical set of seven North American cities made completely of gold.
A Franciscan friar who openly opposed enslavement and mistreatment of the native population.
The first part of California settled by Europeans.
The first moral debate about colonization in European history.
Spanish leaders of conquest in the New World.
The first attempt by England to establish a colony in North America.
English sea captain and privateer known for his circumnavigation of the globe and defeat of the Spanish Armada.
A British explorer received the first charter from Queen Elizabeth to explore and conquer the New World.
The capital of New Mexico, Spain’s northern-most territory in the New World.
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