the phenakistoscope is a device that was invented in 1832. this device was used for basic animation.
the zoetrope was another example of early animation, invented in 1834
this was invented by Emile Reynaud in 1877
this device was invented in 1892 by Emile Reyhaud.
This is another animation technique. This is a process of drawing a series of images on a set of pages. Each page acts as a separate frame. Each image is drawn on a separate page. If you flick through the pages the image will appear to be moving. When creating a flick book animation it is important that all the images are drawn accurately and to scale. This will make the animation look smoother. one limitations of using flip books is, there is very limited space in which the artist can draw on. This is because the user needs to be able to flick through it. If it was too big then that would not be possible.
this device was invented by thomas edison.
Walt Disney was born in 1901. he had a 42 year Hollywood career. during this time he focused his work on developing the motion picture industry. in 1932 Walt Disney produced an animation called flowers and trees. this animation was the first colour animation. he then produced his first full length animated movie in 1937 called snow white and the seven dwarfs. this film produced a sum of $1, 499,000 during the 1930's depression. however, walt disney was not always a success. before he be came successful he tried getting a job as a comic strip artist however no one would employ. he then moved on to advertisement where he would use cut out animation techniques to produce animations. him.http://www.justdisney.com/walt_disney/biography/w_bio_short.html
the cinematograph was invented by auguste and Louis lumiere on December 28, 1895
Drawn on film animation also known as direct animation is a process where footage is made by creating images onto film rather than taking photographs of each image frame by frame. there are two different methods used to produce an animation using this technique. The first method is by getting some blank film and drawing the images on the blank film. The other technique is to get a black piece of film and scratching the individual images onto the film.
Cell animation is short for celluloid animation. It is a process of hand drawing cartoon images on transparent sheets known as cellulose acetate sheets.it was important that each image drawn on these sheets where slightly different to the one before. The images drawn on the cellulose acetate sheets were then projected with a light onto a reflective screen. This would then create the illusion of motion. An example of a cell animation is Gertie the Dinosaur. This was a short film that was animated in 1914 by a man names Winsor McCay. McCay used this animation in front of live audiences; he would pretend to interact with the dinosaur. He would tell the dinosaur to do tricks as part of his act.
Rotoscoping is a technique used to capture live action scenes. it was invented by Max Fleischer. an example of where rotoscoping could be used is if an actor could be filmed doing an action such as walking. The animator would then get that footage and create a digital version of that character and animate it to mimic the actions that were performed in the live action scene. This technique is useful for creating realistic movement in a scene.
Warner brothers was founded in 1923 by Aam, Albert, harry and jack warner
After effects After effects is a piece of software that is usually used to create effects. It is a very powerful piece of software as it allows people to take real pictures and add animated effects such as fire. An advantage of using after effects is it is very powerful and is capable of producing high quality animations. Another advantage to using after effects is, it uses layers. This allows the animator to easily find an object/instance. A disadvantage of using after effects is, it is very complicated. Because there are so many different tools in after effect it is difficult to learn and easy to ruin months of work.
Hanna Barbera is an animation studio which was created in 1957 by William hanna and joseph barbera. they were very famous for creating animations for children;s television. they created cartoons such as scooby doo and the smurfs. they were also very famous for there cartoon 'Tom and Jerry'. throughout there carreer they mainly used traditional animation however, they began using limited animation. limited animation is a technique which is very good for producing animations quickly. it works by keeping each character and object on a separate cell. this meant they did not need to redraw each character in every scene. they also used other time saving techniques such as the looping background. this is a technique where the same background is used over and over again. http://www.biography.com/people/william-hanna-246038#more-animated-success&awesm=~oIunMVkPGiZt7H
One digital technique for animating is by using bit map graphics. Bitmap graphics are good for animation as they can be easily manipulated using photo editing software such as visual studio. This technique is very effective as it gives the artist more control over their animations and does not limit them based on their drawing skills. Another advantage of digitally animating is they do not require a new image each frame. This means there is less chance that the artist will make a mistake when redrawing an image. It also means that the images will be more accurately drawn. An example of a piece of work that is digitally animated is the Simpsons. This animation used to be cel animated. However they recently switched to digital animation. an advantage of this is its quicker and easier than cel
Vector graphics can also be used In animations. This requires a piece of software that supports vector graphics an example of this is flash. There are many advantages to using vector graphics. One advantage is that they can be easily resized. This is good because it means the images will not lose quality when resized. It also means that the animator can add small details to improve the animation.
this animation was directed by the producer George Dunning in 1968.
Monty python was a comedy sketch group which used cut out techniques. they used images and cut outs of images and then animated them to give the illusion that the images were moving. one of there comedy sketches called flying circus used cut out animation. http://www.the-flying-animator.com/cut-out-animation.html
PowerPoint Believe it or not PowerPoint also offers a variety of tools that can be used to animate. Although these tools are not as powerful as professional animation software such as flash and after effects, they still allow people to make basic animations. There are multiple ways in which this can be done. One way is by using the animation tab to make certain slides to fade in, in different ways. This can be used to make your animations more entertaining. Another more adventurous way of creating an animation in PowerPoint is by making each slide change after a specific amount of time. This allows you to import images on to each slide in the same way you would do with any animation software. Then once you view the power point, if the slides are changing quickly enough, the images will appear to be moving. PowerPoint has many advantages if you want to implement short animations into you presentations. However, PowerPoint should not be used to create long or professional animations because creating animations in PowerPoint is very hard and time consuming.
This is a piece of software used to animate. It was previously owned by Macromedia but was acquired by adobe in 2005. This software uses vector graphics to allow people to create and animate objects and characters. An advantage to using flash is, it has a wide range of tools to allow the animator to have full control over their animations. An example of one of the tools in flash is the tween tool. This allows an animator to quickly animate objects to go in straight lines. It is very useful as it saves large amounts of time. It can also prevent animators from making mistakes as it creates a smooth animation with very little effort.
a scanner darkly is a science fiction film that was released in 2006. it was directed by Richard Linklater.
this is an animated film which was directed by Marjane Satrapi and Vincent Paronnaud.
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