The first documented usages of the Camera Obscura was done by Aristotle in 350 B.C. Many people consider Aristotle when they talk about the invention of Camera Obscura. Camera Obscura is derived from the meaning “dark room.”
The term pinhole camera is synonymous with the camera obscura, as the two share the same principles. The earliest recorded evidence of its effect was in 500BC by Mo Tsu in China. Simply it is a dark room or light tight box with a small hole in one side. The smaller the hole, the sharper the image. On the wall or side opposite the hole, an image is transposed of whatever is outside. The image produced is a negative image, it is upside down and back to front. Pinhole cameras show how light travels in a straight line. This camera is still used today but its photographs are formed geometrically. The feature of a pinhole camera give it many advantages over modern day cameras: they can form clear images at a distance and with no lenses they avoid aberrations with the photos. Aberrations: the act of departing from the right, normal, or usual course or the act of deviating from the ordinary, usual, or normal type.
The First Photograph, or more specifically, the world's first permanent photograph from nature, was taken by Joseph Nicéphore Niépce in 1826 or 1827. The image depicts the view from an upstairs window at Niépce's estate, Le Gras, in the Burgundy region of France.
Related to the post about the first photograph
In the late 1870’s, Hannibal Goodwin developed a method for making transparent, flexible roll film out of a nitrocellulose film base, called celluloid photographic film. It was an invention that helped to produce the motion pictures that we see today. Goodwin was inspired to invent this film when he decided he wanted to make Sunday-school classes more interesting for the children of his congregation. Goodwin made his flexible photographic film by dissolving nitrocellulose in nitrobenzol and then diluting the thick mixture with alcohol. He poured the mixture onto glass, and when the nitrobenzol and alcohol evaporated, he had a film that could be coated with emulsion and used for taking pictures.
The first partially successful photograph of a camera image was made in approximately 1816 by Joseph Niepce, invented as a medium to record images of people in contrast to paintings, which were in some cases inaccurate as they reflected the opinion of the painter about his subject matter. Photos were seen as being more exact and real.
For more information on the process to create “View from the Window at Le Gras” look at the process of Heliogrpahy
in 1931 Medical photography became a special field of photography. A group of photographers working in medicine came together at Yale University to form the Biological Photographic Association, which later became the BioCommunications Association Inc.. The group published a journal; the Journal of Biological Photography which was later incorporated into the Journal of BioCommunication. Other organizations formed in England, Scandinavia and Australia. Photography continues today to play a role in medicine through documentation, research and education.
Following a trip to Italy in which he was unhappy with his ability to draw the sprawling landscape, eminent mathematician, astronomer and botanist Henry Fox Talbot began looking for something that could translate a picture to light sensitive paper.
Panoramic photography is a technique of photography, using specialized equipment or software, that captures images with elongated fields of view. It is sometimes known as wide format photography. One of the first recorded patents for a panoramic camera was submitted by Joseph Puchberger in Austria in 1843 from a hand-cranked, 150° field of view, 8-inch focal length camera that exposed a relatively large Daguerreotype, up to 24 inches (610 mm) long. A more successful and technically superior panoramic camera was assembled the next year by Friedrich von Martens in Germany in 1844. His camera, the Megaskop, added the crucial feature of set gears which offered a relatively steady panning speed. As a result, the camera properly exposed the photographic plate, avoiding unsteady speeds that can create an unevenness in exposure, called banding.
The earliest flash photography used a powder formed from a mixture of magnesium powder with potassium chlorate. Igniting this produced a brief intense light that could dramatically reduce exposure times. The problem was that in effect you were setting off a small explosion at the end of a stick, quite close to your body.This unfortunately led to the death of several photographers and the disfigurement of many more. It also released a lot of smoke, smell and a fall-out of white ash.
Mathew Brady is known for his photographic portraits capturing famous Americans and the American Civil War.
The early experimenter in photography, Edmond Becquerel, discovers a way to produce colour images from the camera and the spectrum by bathing photos in an intensive red or yellow light.
(1799-1871) Atkins was an English botanist, and is claimed to be the first female photographer. She is also considered to be the first person to publish a book of photographic images for the purposes of science, which occurred in the mid 1800s. The book was entitled, British Algae: Cyanotype Impressions (1843-1853). Atkins created hundreds of cyanotypes of different plants and algae, and in 1853 comprised a three-volume anthology of her collective works. It is presumed that Atkins learned the cyanotype method from Sir John Herschel, who was a friend of her family.
The worlds first pistol-shaped camera was created in 1856
Also by: Polina Oussan-Podgornov Additional Sources: http://www.worldsfamousphotos.com/2007/10/07/the-first-color-photograph-1961/ http://kottke.org/tag/early%20color%20photography
English photographer Eadweard Muybridge in 1872 looked for a way to capture the sequence of movement. It took six years, but in 1878, Muybridge succeeded. He expanded his experiments into horse movement, setting up a series of fifty cameras parallel to the race track. By connecting their electrically controlled shutters to trip wires lain across the track, he ensured each one automatically took its own picture as the horse sped by. The resulting photo sequence proved that there is a point when no hooves touch the ground. That eventually set the stage for the first motion pictures.
Eadweard Muybridge, "The Father of the Motion Picture", is known today for his pioneering work using multiple cameras to capture motion in stop-motion photographs.
In our modern society, photography is widely recognized as fine art. It is commonly displayed in art galleries, prized by collectors, discussed by critics and studied in art history courses. However, this hasn’t always been the case, when the camera was first invented some argued that photographs were less prestigious than older and established art forms such as drawing and painting. This argument stems from the fact that the camera is a technological invention and its mechanisms are the ones creating the picture, the process is automatic and requires no creativity. Whereas traditional art forms are created solely by people and require significant time and skill to create. Contrary, it can also be argued that when photographs first came about, owning photographs was a sign of wealth and prestige because of the costs associated with developing and creating pictures. “Artists” no longer had to worry about help documenting what happen in history but were free to explore and paint what they wanted.
In 1881, Peter Houston, a farmer in Wisconsin invented the first roll camera while his brother (David Houston) invented and patented the holders for the roll film. He licensed the patent to George Eastman of Kodak in 1881 and later sold patent to him for $5000 in 1889.
The use of photographic film was pioneered by George Eastman, who started manufacturing paper film in 1885. His first camera, which he called the "Kodak," was first offered for sale in 1888. It was a very simple box camera with a fixed-focus lens and single shutter speed.
In 1887, Adolf Miethe and Johannes Gaedicke mixed fine magnesium powder with potassium chlorate to produce Blitzlicht. This was the first ever widely used flash powder.
The KODAK camera was placed on the market, with the slogan, "You press the button - we do the rest." This was the birth of snapshot photography, as millions of amateur picture-takers know it today.
Thomas Edison invented and patented the first single person viewing motion picture viewer. This device allowed a single person to watch a short stop motion picture through a peephole, but later by shining a light through the film, allowed the picture to be projected.
In 1889, National Geographic magazine published its first photograph, a halftone photo engraving of a topographic map of North America, reprinted from Butler's Complete Geography, an early geography textbook.
The first commercial transparent roll film, perfected by Eastman and his research chemist, was put on the market.
In 1893 Louis Boutan began his work as the world's first underwater photographer, developing a range of underwater cameras and even writing what would become a definitive book on the subject at the time, inspiring many for years to come.
Eastman Kodak Introduced a low-priced, point-and-shoot, hand-held camera, called the Brownie. It made photography accessible to the masses.
The Autochrome Lumiere is development of the color photo process. This process was first created by the Lumiere brothers in France in early 1907. This system uses a mosaic screen plate process which is a glass plate that is fully coated on one side with microscopic grains of potato starch that are dyed red,orange,green and blue-violet. These grains then act as color filters. Different than normal black and white plates the autochrome was placed in the camera with the bare glass facing the lens so that the light passed through the array of colors before the emulsion. With the loss of light because of all the filtering the autochrome plates required longer exposure compared to standard black and white.
Gabriel Lippmann earns the Nobel Prize in Physics for his invention of a method for reproducing colours by photography called the Lippmann Interference Phenomenon.
The 35mm film camera was created by Oskar Barnack which set a new standard for the format of film used in cameras. The technology was actually developed much earlier in 1914, but due to WWII production of the camera didn't start until 1924. The public announcement didn't occur until 1925. Leia was the first company to have developed a camera of this kind at the time. Could not find extra media that was relevant
The camera is a very simple instrument. The still film camera for instance only consists of 3 different parts. A lens which id a curved piece of glass of plastic... The film and when exposed to light undergoes a chemical reaction... And the body of the camera which is a sealed box with a shutter that opens and closes between the lens and film...
This type of Camera was taken into the Battlefields during WW1. Up to 1916 all photography on the front line was forbidden. The only pictures obtained were smuggled out, the government was trying to prevent the people at home from realising the true horrors. Later reporters and photography was accepted, these cameras were small enough to conceal in a soldiers kit, and were common for the time.
This camera first appeared in 1915 and was the new State-of the-art hand camera. Many amateur photographers wanted to own one.
In 1927 General Electric (GE) invented the modern flash bulb and named it the Sashalite after inventor "Sasha". The Sashalite was made to replace the dangerous magnesium powder, which had a lot of issues, and by 1930 they were being sold to the public. The bulbs were around the same size as light bulbs in Britain and were also known to shatter causing glass shards to go everywhere.
This was one of the first cameras that had the first practical reflex. However the camera was also quite bulky to gain popularity. The reflex mirror in this camera is also similar to the one in the first camera obscura. The manufactures of these cameras also used the highest glass quality allowing this camera to have a bright viewing image.
One of the many impacts on culture and society around the world was the creation of the field in journalism dubbed “photojournalism.” Photojournalism is a form of journalism that tells a news story through a variety of still images. Photojournalism first sprouted when images from the Crimean war were captured by Roger Fenton and used to show people conditions of the troops in the field. He used a box camera, which was common in the 19th century. In the early 1920’s the camera that truly began the golden age for photojournalism was the 35mm Leica camera. This camera was quickly followed a couple of years later with the first flash cameras, allowing more flexibility and clarity in pictures for photojournalists.
More commonly known now as a "drive-in" theatre: the world's first one was opened by Richard Hollingshead on Crescent Boulevard in Camden, New Jersey.
Kodachrome was introduced in 1935 by Eastman Kodak and was one of the first color film. Used in still photography and cinema. The process of processing the film was complex and expensive. Which is why, it was mostly used for professional purposes. It was discontinued in 2008.
The first Canon camera was introduced to the market in February in 1936, called the "Hansa Canon" but was based off of a prototype called the "Kwannon" created by a man named Goro Yoshida.
The Polaroid Corporation was originally founded in 1937 by Edwin H. Land. Instantly becoming famous for its instant film cameras which were made available in 1948. The polaroid camera uses a self developing film which became the first “instant photo”. The polaroid continue to be the corporation's primary product until February 2008 they decided to discontinue production of photography products. The instant roll film came in 2 separate rolls one for positive/developing agent and negative. It required the user to pull the film out of the camera for development and pull apart the positive from the negative so it could develop.
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