Members of the Puritan churches governed by congregations. This was developed in harmony with the enlightenment views. They became a force at Harvard in the early 18th century and began to assume leadership in New England Churches.
A Massachusetts lawyer who was one of the first to claim a man's right to "life, liberty, his property" and argued against taxation without representation when the Sugar and Stamp acts were enacted.
A violent conflict in Virginia beginning with settler attacks on Indians, culminating with colonist rebellion against the Virginian government.
A series of acts passed by parliament stating that only Britain could trade with the colonies, and that they could only use ships built in Britain or America. This set up the legal and institutional structure of Britain's colonial system, as well as boosting British economy greatly. On the other hand, this was yet another factor of colonist unrest with British rule.
Trade was opened to all independent merchants and the number of slaves shipped increased greatly
The economic idea during this era. It was based on "zero sum" income and gold and silver was considered to be wealth. The economy was to be managed by the nation. This created nationalistic countries and lots of competition for colonization.
A British commander who won Bunker Hill and successfully captured NY and Philadelphia, and lead to Burgoyne’s defeat at Saratoga. He took over all British forces from Thomas Gage.
Commander of the Continental Army throughout the revolutionary was as well as becoming the first U.S. president after the war. He is still considered the perfect model of a disinterested gentleman.
The Virginia House of Burgesses appointed a standing committe for correspondence among the colonies to obtain authentic intelligence and in this committee was Patrick Henry, Richard Henry Lee, and Thomas Jefferson.
The Molasses Act was imposed by the British on the colonies, putting a tax on molasses, sugar, rum imported from anywhere to America. Its aim was to give Britain more control over the American sugar market, but it didn't work out as the British had planned because it only led to a large increase in smuggling and black market dealing. This act later became the Sugar Act in 1764.
Henry was an avid supporter of republicanism as well as a fervid patriot; He led the opposition of the Stamp Act as well as encouraging the American Revolution in order to gain national freedom. Henry is remembered for his famous speech with the line "Give me liberty, or give me death!"
The religious revival in the middle of the eighteenth century, led by Jonathan Edwards. Religious fervor swept around the country, it was anti-Calvinist and marked the revival of religiosity. Was also led by George Whitfield who toured the colonies and preached this beliefs. I was in retaliation to the rational approach of religion and found relief in religious enthusiasm.
Entering the war as a lowly militia private, he emerged from the war as Major General of the continental army, known for forcing Charles Cornwallis to give up the Carolinas and move to Virginia. George Washington loved him and depended on his renowned leadership skills.
A plantation owner and farmer from Virginia (where he represented in the Continental Congress); A Founding Father; The main author of the Declaration of Independence; Third President of the United States
A popular slogan in colonial America through the 1750s-1760s. Colonists believed that since they had only virtual representation, not actual representation, that the bills and laws made for them in parliament were illegal and a violation of their rights as englishmen.
Supporters of Republicanism (hypersensitivity to the unchecked exercise of power); Advocates for colonial resistance to British Government; often they were radical Englishmen such as John Locke
The Proclomation of 1763 closed off the frontier for expansion to the American Colonists and protected the Native Americans' land. The colonists felt closed off by the British so that the King and Parliamentary could keep an eye on them.
The sugar act lowered the duty on imported molasses from 6 pence to 3 pence, but the tax was now heavily enforced. This increased the restrictions on colonial commerce, angering colonists.
George Grenville was the Chancellor of the Exchequer, and he pushed the Sugar act through parliament in order to reduce the debt incurred on the British during the French Indian War.
Representatives from nine colonies met to devise a unified protest against the British imposed Stamp Act. They argued “no taxation w/o representation” and passed resolutions denying Parliament the right to tax the colonists without representation. They agreed to stop all importations from England until the offending Acts were repealed. This was the beginning of the “Non-Importation Movement”.
In order to raise revenue in the colonies for Britain, Parliament created the act which required taxed, stamped paper for legal documents, publications, and playing cards. Colonists continued to voice that they were being taxed “unfairly”.
The Quartering Act enacted by the British Parliament made the local governments in America provide British soldiers with any needed accommodations.
Passed by parliament at the same time as the repeal of the Sugar Act. Gave Parliament legislative power over the colonies “in all cases whatsoever”. This was yet another factor in colonist unrest with the British government, they felt that they should be able to govern themselves and/or have some sort of say in bills or laws that were passed in parliament but affected the Americans.
The Townshend Revenue Acts were imposed under British prime minister Charles Townshend. They created duties on colonial tea, lead, paint, paper, and glass. These acts were an attempt to close the budget gap in Britain.
The first blood shed at the Boston Massacre, was of Crispus Attucks, son of an Indian mother and Black father.
A mob pelted soldiers with snowballs and rocks, resulting in soldiers firing into the crowd and killing five civilians. This was a large amount of fuel in the colonists' fiery hatred toward the British and the British soldiers.
A group of Sons of Liberty disguised as Mohawks boarded an English ship and dumped approximately ten thousand pounds of tea in the Boston Harbor.
The Sons of Liberty was an organization of American Patriots that was formed to protect the rights of colonists and take to the streets against the atrocities of the British government. The Sons of Liberty are well known for their partaking in the Boston Tea Party.
A set of acts set by biritish parliament out of anger towards colonies that affected trade, encouraged the suppression of Americans, and encouraged the colonists to rebel further. The boston port bill: prohibited the loading and unloading of ships in Boston until the colonial government compensated fully for the Tea Party. The Massachusetts government act: Delegates in the upper house would no longer elected by the assembly, but by the king. The administration of Justice Act: protected british officials from colonial courts to pursue oppression. It sent soldiers to England for trial. The Quarter Act: Legalized the housing of troops at the public expense. The Quebec Act: appointed government for Canada, enlarged the boundries of Quebec and confirmed the rule of the catholic church.
A delegate from Massachusetts in the First continental congress and a laser who defended the british soldiers in court after the revenue acts. He was an important voice in the movement to become independent in the Second Continental Congress, even though he himself was skeptical.
Delegates form every colony met in Philadelphia hoping to pass policies in order to avoid war (except South Carolina who wanted to attack the British). They passed the Declaration and Resolves which stated that the colonists were entitled to the same rights as the British people and cited thirteen acts of parliament since 1763 as being in violation of these rights. The delegates promised sanctions of not importing or consuming British goods, and not exporting colonial goods to Britain or her colonies until these acts were repealed.
The Quebec act extended the Quebec territory. A new oath was put in place, with no reference to Protestantism, which allowed free practice of the Catholic faith, it allowed the Catholic church to impose tithes, and restored the use of French Civil Law for private matters, while maintaining English common law.
A convention of delegates from the 13 colonies that started meeting in the summer of 1775, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, soon after warfare in the American Revolutionary War had begun. The congress focused on raising armies, directing strategy, appointing diplomats, and making formal treaties.
A Patriot pamphlet written by Englishman Thomas Paine (while in Philadelphia). Paine used “simple fact, plain argument, and common sense” to argue that British aristocracy and monarchy were not appropriate for America and lay the blame for the oppression of the colonists on King George, “royal Brute”. Called“the single most important piece of writing during the Revolutionary era”, it sold more than 100,000 copies. Paine was able to reshape the thinking of the common American man, placing independence in a higher light.
Document Declaring American Independence from Britain. In April the North Carolina convention becomes the first to empower its delegates to vote for this document. In May the Continental Congress voted to recommend that individual states adopt state constitutions. The actual Declaration was drafted by John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and Robert Livingston, and eventually approved and signed on July 4.
A negative term applied to the Loyalists who supported the conservative party of England (the people who supported the King over Parliament)
German mercenaries brought in by the British in 1776 and were continually used throughout the war. Their presence especially offended colonists because the Germans had no stake in the war, so it seemed like none of their business.
A general of the British Army who was loaded with a giant army and had to chop down trees in order to get to his destinations. He was dispatched with 8,000 british and german troops. Fort Ticongeroga fell to Burgoyne on July 6th, but Burgoyne was surrounded by Americans. He retreated to Saratoga, and surrendered 6,000 men after being surrounded. This was the biggest british defeat until Yorktown.
Supporters of the british cause during the Revolutionary War.
General Horatio Gates of the Continental Army was the hero of Saratoga. On Oct. 19, 1777, he forced Burgoyne(British General) to retreat from Ticonderoga to Saratoga where he was forced to surrender 6,000 men. This was the biggest British defeat until Yorktown.In 1780 he failed in the South after defeat by General Cornwallis at Camden, SC. In 1783 he called for a meeting of officer corps after Congress rejected the petition for pensions to be converted to bonuses of five years full pay.
A virginian who organized the Kentucky militia to fight the British and Indian forces. In SUmmer 1778 he took the British post at Kaskaskia, and winter 1779 he raided Vincenned and captured the British Colonel Henry Hamilton in the west.
Arnold fought on the British side until 1779 when he switched to the patriot forces due to "unappreciation"
General Jena Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, compte de Rochambeau was a French General who served in the Continental Army. In 1780 he brought 5,000 French soldiers to Rhode Island and joined forces with General George Washington. They eventually helped the Americans defeat the British at Yorktown in 1781.
A British general who was defeated at Yorktown and surrendered to Washington.
A peace commissioner in france. He secretly made trips to London. To try to develop peace, until the treaty of paris, when they recognized the americans as independent
A series of separate agreements among the United States, Great Britain, France, and Spain. This ends hostilities between US and Britain, and US is now recognized as its own nation.
We'd love to hear from you. Please send questions or feedback to the below email addresses.
Before contacting us, you may wish to visit our FAQs page which has lots of useful info on Tiki-Toki.
We can be contacted by email at: hello@tiki-toki.com.
You can also follow us on twitter at twitter.com/tiki_toki.
If you are having any problems with Tiki-Toki, please contact us as at: help@tiki-toki.com
Close