The Great Oxidation Event (roughly 2.4 billion years ago) was the rapid accumulation of oxygen in Earth's atmosphere caused by photosynthetic bacteria, which simultaneously enabled complex life to evolve and caused a mass extinction of existing anaerobic life.
This is the oldest known fossil, a stromatolite.
This was the time period the organism LUCA branched off into archea and bacteria, branching into all current life.
3.5 billion years ago, photosynthesis evolved when early microbes evolved to be able to use sunlight for energy, eventually producing the oxygen that fundamentally changed the future of Earth's species.
From chemical reactions between abiotic compounds, the first macromolecules emerged.
It is thought that water appeared on Earth around 4.4 bya with supporting evidence from the Isua Greenstone Belt, Zircon Delta 18, and Enstatite Chondrite Meteorites.
Formation of Earth's first atmosphere, which was primarily composed of gases released during volcanic activity.
The Earth was formed.
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