The Evolution of Ballot Papers

Countries' Political History Through the Design of Ballot Papers.

Max Valentin (Curator, FABEL) - "In this exhibition of ballot papers spanning more than 100 years with a focus on five countries, we can see how ballots mirror and change with historical context, societal demands, and geopolitical influences: the influence and spread of the party focussed French ballot system in the earlier part of the 20th century, and the rise in popularity of the single, government-issued, Australian ballot over time." ;xNLx;;xNLx;Therese Pearce-Laanela (Senior Programme Manager, International IDEA) - "The design of a ballot paper is important to election administrators as a key tool to understand the voter’s intentions and political choices: a good design presents clear and understandable options to voter and reduces the chances of voter error. But beyond this utilitarian function, the ballot carries a powerful symbolic value of the compact between the citizen and the state, or, more simply put: ‘my vote matters’. This exhibition presents a range of ballots that illustrate these design choices and historical significance – from the 2000 Florida Gore – Bush ‘hanging chad’ ballot, to the South African 1994 first post-apartheid ballot." ;xNLx;;xNLx;This timeline has been made available through close cooperation between Studio Kalleinen (FI), IESC (LT), Folkevirket (DK), Fabel (SE) and International IDEA with financial support by Nordic Culture Fund

0600-01-01 00:00:00

The First Ballots

The origins

1829-01-01 07:16:22

Slips of Paper and Open Voting

Non-secret voting

1838-03-01 07:16:22

Secret Ballot

Early history of the secret ballot

1856-01-01 23:54:32

The Origins of the "Australian Ballot"

Australia's addition to the 'Secret Ballot"

1864-06-07 06:24:47

Danish Parliamentary Election 1864

National parliament, Turnout: 40%, Write in ballot, Indirect system.

1893-09-19 00:35:07

Women's suffrage in New Zealand

Women and voting

1899-09-22 06:24:47

Swedish Parliamentary Election 1899

National parliament (Second chamber), Turnout: 42%, Write in ballot, Mixed system

1907-03-16 00:00:00

Finnish Parliamentary Elections 1907

National parliament, Turnout: 71 %, Single ballot (Australian ballot) (sample), Open list proportional system

1910-01-01 23:54:32

The Origins of the "French Ballot"

The "Multi Ballot"

1911-01-03 00:00:00

Finnish Parliamentary Election 1911

National parliament, Turnout: 60 %, Single ballot (Australian ballot), Open list proportional system

1914-06-28 12:00:00

World War I

War and politics

1917-03-08 23:04:54

Russian Revolution

The end of imperial rule in Russia

1917-11-25 00:00:00

1917 Russian Constituent Assembly Election

National assembly, turnout: 58%, proportional representation

1918-01-05 00:00:00

The Constituent Assembly meets

Start of the communist era

1918-02-01 00:00:00

1918 flu pandemic

The Spanish Flu

1918-04-01 20:34:29

Denmark 1918

Danish ballot paper reform

1918-11-05 00:00:00

1918 US Midterm Elections

Congressional and Gubernatorial elections, turnout: 40%

1919-03-03 00:00:00

Finnish Parliamentary Election 1919

National parliament, Turnout: 67 %, Single ballot (Australian ballot), Open list proportional system

1920-04-01 20:34:29

Danish Parliamentary Election 1920

National parliament, Turnout approx. 75 %, Single ballot (Australian ballot), List proportional representation

1920-04-16 00:00:00

Lithuanian Parliamentary Election 1920

National parliament, Turnout: 90 %, Multi-ballot (French ballot), List proportional representation

1921-09-26 06:24:47

Swedish Parliamentary Election 1921

National parliament, Turnout: 54%, Multi-ballot (French ballot), List proportional representation

1926-05-10 00:00:00

Lithuanian Parliamentary Election 1926

National parliament, Turnout: 86 %, Multi-ballot (French ballot), List proportional representation

1933-03-05 00:00:00

German Parliamentary Election 1933

National parliament, Turnout: 89 %, Single ballot (Australian ballot), List proportional representation

1933-11-12 11:17:49

Nazi Germany Parliament Election 1933

National parliament, Turnout: 95 %, Unity ballot, Indirect (non-democratic)

1936-06-10 00:00:00

Lithuanian Parliamentary Election 1936

National parliament, Turnout: 68 %, Single -ballot (Australian ballot) hybrid, Nominal list of candidates

1939-09-01 23:04:54

World War II

The Second World War

1945-03-18 00:00:00

Finnish Parliamentary Election 1945

National parliament Turnout: 75 % Write in ballot (left), Single ballot, (Australian ballot) (right), Open list proportional system

1945-10-30 16:09:43

Danish Parliamentary Election 1945

Parliament, Turnout: 86 %, Single ballot (Australian ballot), List proportional representation

1947-10-25 16:45:10

Lithuanian Parliamentary Elections 1947-1980

National parliament, Turnout: approximately 99%, Ballot cards Writie-in ballot, Non-democratic

1948-12-10 00:35:07

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

The foundation of modern international law

1949-05-15 06:32:28

East Germany Parliamentary Election 1949

National parliament, Turnout: 95 %, Single ballot, Non-democratic

1949-08-14 16:01:54

West Germany Parliamentary Election 1949

National parliament Turnout: 79 %, Single ballot (Australian ballot), Mixed-member proportional representation

1951-01-17 00:00:00

Finnish Parliamentary Election 1951

National parliament, Turnout: 75 %, Write in ballot, Open list proportional representation

1953-04-22 15:40:25

Danish Parliamentary Election 1953

Lower House (Folketinget), 80 %, Single ballot (Australian ballot), List proportional representation

1954-03-08 22:23:37

Finnish Parliamentary Election 1954

National parliament, turnout: 80 %, Write in ballot, List proportional representation

1958-06-01 06:24:47

Swedish Municipal Election 1958

Municipal, Turnout: 87%, Multi-ballot (French ballot), List proportional representation

1970-03-16 22:23:37

Finnish Parliamentary Election 1970

National parliament, Turnout: 82 %, Single ballot (Australian ballot), List proportional representation

1970-09-20 06:24:47

Swedish Parliamentary Election 1970

National parliament, 88%, Multi-ballot (French ballot), List proportional representation

1973-12-04 09:39:51

Danish Parliamentary Election 1973

Parliament, 89 %, Single ballot (Australian ballot), List proportional representation

1985-06-27 03:05:15

1985 Zimbabwean Parliamentary Elections

National Parliament, turnout: 75.47%, single ballot, preferential voting

1985-10-15 03:05:15

1985 Liberian General Election

Congressional and Presidential elections

1987-11-29 00:00:00

1987 Haitian General Election

Legislative and presidential elections

1989-11-07 03:05:15

1989 Namibian Parliamentary Election

National Parliament, turnout: 97.04%

1989-11-09 23:04:54

Fall of the Berlin Wall

The end of the Cold War

1990-03-18 21:27:47

East Germany Parliamentary Election 1990

National parliament, Turnout: 93 %, Single ballot (Australian), List proportional representation

1990-10-20 16:45:10

Lithuania Parliamentary Election 1990

National parliament, Turnout: 72 %, Multi-ballot (French ballot), Two-round system

1990-12-02 18:58:49

German Parliamentary Election 1990

National parliament. Turnout: 78 %. Single ballot (Dual vote). Mixed-member proportional representation

1993-05-23 00:00:00

Cambodian Constituent Assembly Election 1993

Parliament, Turnout: 90 %, Single ballot (Australian ballot), List proportional representation

1994-04-29 00:00:00

South African Parliamentary Election 1994

National Parliament, Turnout: 87 %, Single ballot (Australian ballot), List proportional representation

1996-10-20 16:45:10

Lithuania Parliamentary Election 1996

National parliament, Turnout: 53 %, Single-ballot (Australian ballot), Open list proportional

The Evolution of Ballot Papers

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