Color coding:;xNLx;Red - Corporate Involvement;xNLx;Blue - Culture;xNLx;Yellow - Sterilizations/Laws;xNLx;Green - Genocidal Eugenics
The Cold Spring Habor Laboratory was established in 1890 by Albert F. Blakeslee and Charles Davenport, both geneticists. The original mission was to allow scientists a space to research Charles Darwin's theory of Evolution.
The first sterilizations began in 1899 by a man named Dr. Sharp. He began to sterilize inmates at the Indiana Reformatory, performing over 225 sterilizations prior to the legalization permitting these sterilizations was passed in 1907. Dr. Sharp was influential in supporting the passing off the future law.
The Station for Experimental Evolution was created at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in Cold Spring Harbor, NY paid for by the Carnegie Institute of Washington.
Race Betterment Foundation in Battle Creek, Michigan was founded by John H. Kellogg, a medical doctor.
Indiana was the first state to pass a compulsory sterilization law. This law set the groundwork for other states to follow.
The Woman's Home Companion (WHC) "began to cosponsor and organize better baby contests" and in the same year, then created the Better Babies Bureau.
First Better Baby contest is held at the state fair in Louisiana.
The Eugenics Record Office was founded in Cold Spring Harbor, NY with money from both the Harriman railroad fortune and the Carnegie Institute. The organization played a leading role in the research supporting the eugenics movement. One role of the individuals here was to trace family histories to determine who displayed patterns of "unfitness".
First International Congress of Eugenics in London held by Leonard Darwin, Charles Darwin’s son.
The committee on Mental Defectives created by Governor Samuel Ralston in Indiana.
Grant published his very influential book “The Passing of the Great Race, or The Racial Basis of European History,” which impacted the creation of the Immigration Act of 1924. Adolf Hitler referred to this book as the Bible.
The Better Babies contests soon became the Fitter Family contests. The first was held at the Kansas Free Fair in Topeka.
Indiana Supreme Court deemed the 1907 law unconstitutional.
Second International Congress of Eugenics in New York, New York
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The American Eugenics Society was established to promote U.S. education on eugenics. The founders included Madison Grant, Harry H. Laughlin, Henry Crampton, Irving Fisher, and Henry F. Osborn.
Supreme Court decided to uphold a state’s right to forcibly sterilize a person considered "unfit" to procreate.
The American Eugenics Society began to publish "Eugenics".
In 1930, Galton publishing took over the Eugenics publication.
The Third International Congress on Eugenics is held.
Germany passes sterilization law inspired by United States legislation.
In 1938, Ford accepted the Grand Cross of the German Eagle which os known as “the highest civilian honor Germany could bestow” from Adolf Hitler.
Court decided that Oklahoma's Criminal Sterilization Act of 1935, which permitted the forced sterilization of habitual criminals, went against the fourteenth amendment Equal Protection Clause.
Fernald State School formally known as "Massachusetts School for the Feebleminded" housed over 2,500 children either mentally disabled children, classified as “feeble-minded”, or abandoned by their parents. The experiment consisted of over 70 boys in the Fernald Science Club who were “fed oatmeal and milk laced with radioactive iron and calcium; in another experiment, scientists directly injected the boys with radioactive calcium.” Quaker Oats wanted to remain competitive and have science to defend themselves against other research against them. This was approved and sponsored by the Atomic Energy Commission.
The Willowbrook State School was an overpacked institution with horrible living conditions for children and adults with developmental disabilities. The experiments began in 1956 with lead researcher being Dr. Saul Krugman. The experiments lasted for 14 years with the intention of tracking the development of the Hepatitis A virus. Children were purposely exposed to the Hepatitis A virus, so that researchers could develop a future vaccine.
AES membership had dropped significantly post World War II, membership down to 400 individuals, mostly “male scientists and medical professionals". The focus of the society shifts to human evolution.
“The society stated that the name change did not align with a change in interest or policy, but better reflected the newfound common emphasis on the study of biological, social, and medical trends that shape human evolution.”
A couple was then charged with violating the state's antimiscegenation statute, which banned inter-racial marriages. The couple was married in Washington, D.C. moved back to Virginia. The decision of this case has been claimed to result in "greater acceptance of multiracial families and interracial intimacy".
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