There are 4 themes running through this timeline: ;xNLx;;xNLx;HISTORIC SPECULUM: significant moments of its formal design, predominantly by medical practitioners and designers up until 1900s.;xNLx;;xNLx;REDESIGN SPECULUM: successful contemporary examples at redesigning the speculum. This is in response to its historic design. However many of these haven’t been adopted by mainstream medicine. ;xNLx;;xNLx;SPECULATIVE DESIGN: speculative design is used to test ideas around improving societal issues, seeing what it possible and reimagining alternative futures. This theme reveals speculative specula designs that are not commonly in use, but reveal the potential for change in the regular design. ;xNLx;;xNLx;DIY SPECULUM: this offers examples of DIY specula. These have been created either as a prototype for a new speculum design by historic medical practitioners, or as a form of resistance to the common design, and the ways it is used in mainstream medicine. ;xNLx;;xNLx;This timeline was produced by Klau Chinche, GynePunk, to support a wider collection of work by the V&A Museum, London, on the design of the GynePunk 3D-printed speculum. More of this work can be found on the V&A blog: https://www.vam.ac.uk/blog/ ;xNLx;;xNLx;-------;xNLx;;xNLx;the image is from the project: "The Truncheon and the Speculum" a live video broadcast presented as part of the Liverpool Biennial 2016;xNLx;;xNLx;Written and directed by Sarah Browne + Jesse Jones;xNLx;Featuring Lisa Godson & Klau Kinky / Gynepunk;xNLx;;xNLx;https://www.sarahbrowne.info/work/the-truncheon-and-the-speculum/
Roman specula from Pompeii were buried by lava in 79 AD.
The history of the speculum can be found in the Hebrew Talmud, which dates back to 1300 B.C.
Sir William Fergusson introduced his cylindrical glass speculum, which was bevelled and trumpet-shaped on the outside.
Model of Anthelme Récamier (1774-1856). Iivory and metal with ebony plug by Charriere of Paris second half 19th century.
Metal nickel-plated with obturator by Mathieu of Paris late 19th century.
Marie Boivin Speculum
Phillip Ricord in 1830 created the bivalve speculum.
John Weiss' Speculum Auris was published in 1831.
Pewter spoons were bent to create a prototype speculum tool.
This speculum has a terrible history behind it.
Cusco's speculum has a wide distribution.
"It's a trivalve speculum, to be precise. The top branches are two tentacles, a bit broader than Scanzoni's, while the posterior leaflet is a Cusco's leaflet. It was designed to provide the exploration a larger field of vision. The posterior handle is long enough to be utilized as a clamping handle, and the opening of the handle is secured by a central screw."
This speculum did not introduce any important novelties, it had two screws, one to widen the leaflets horizontally and the other to separate the leaflets at the tip of the leaflets, thus widening the field of vision.
"Collin's speculum was a small, easy-to-use instrument that used a screw cockerel to gradually and painlessly open the valves; normally, the two valves were enlarged laterally, but with a 90° rotation, vaginal exploration under the "tench snout" was possible by placing the longest valve in the lower part."
Guttmann's speculum allows a large and uniform vaginal dilation.
Patented desing by William T. M. Johnson 1996/1998.
Prototype from Maja Kecman. "She is a graduate of the Royal College of Arts in Industrial Design Engineering UK.
Prototype of Hakan Gürsu - Industrial Designer, Founder of the company Designnobis. [2008]
Inventor Steven C. Mills 2009.
First 3D printed speculum designed by Urs Gaudenz (Gaudilabs) for gynepunk project in 2015. The size of this prototype is too small.
Dayna Mailach 2016 LOTUS.
this 3d model is the improved version of the gaudilabs speculum because it has a proper size.
Speculative Critical Design by Emilia Yang 2016. 3D printed, Digital, Feminist, Political.
Yona, health for people with vaginas.
Designed by Ceek Women's Health.
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