The first demonstration of a communication of data at a distance between New York and Hanover is achieved by Stibitz and Williams at the American Mathematical Society in the presence of Norbert Wiener and John Von Neuman. Telematics is born before the computer.
Norbert Wiener, Arturo Rosenblueth, and Julian Bigelow publish "Behavior Purpose and Teleology" in Philosophy of Science. In June, construction begins at the Moore School by Goldstine, Eckert and Mauchly of the ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer), the greatest and fastest calculator ever produced by that time.
As the Allies' victory is virtually complete and we approach the armistice, in June, Von Neumann publishes his paper: «First draft of a report on the EDVAC». The bases of the computer are established.
In July, Bush publishes in Atlantic Monthly his seminal paper: « As we may think ». In November, his paper is re-published with the subtitle: «A Top US scientist foresees a possible future in which man-made machines will start to think», more than 50 years before Kurzweil's publication of «The Age of Spiritual Machines; When Computers Exceed Human Intelligence
Hardware : Development of the UNIVAC: a fast printer. Remington Buffer Memory : it is the interface between the central processing unit and the peripherals. The UNIVAC 1 (UNIVersal Automatic Computer) is sold (Eckert and Mauchly). Eckert and
The first computer to be sold on a large scale is the IBM 650. Birth of the silicium transistor, The Uniprinter 1, the Earl Masterson printer. Skinner advocates programmed instruction.
The first universal computer language is created by a group of scientists at the Watson Scientific Computing Laboratory : FORTRAN is born, it stands for (FORmula TRANslating). Birth of the first magnetic disc: the RAMAC 305 (again by IBM).
A very important development for the Internet and processing standards starts in the USA: ARPA, the (Advanced Research Projects Agency) is born. Conference in Zurich : program of research for the creation of a universal standard language : ALGOL (ALGOrithmic Language)
The PLATO project, initiated at the University of Illnois in 1960, is an important landmark in the early development of CALL (Marty 1981)
BASIC (Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) is invented by Thomas Kurtz and John Kemeny. The work at Dartmouth interestingly involved the first examples of the useful feature of "randomization" in order to avoid the presentation of questions in the same sequence, which eventually results in students simply learning that sequence rather than retaining the material under study.
Seymour Cray invents the supercomputer CDC 6600, which will be followed by the IBM 90 The Computer Language PL 1 comes out (Programming Language 1). The first videodisk is invented by D.Cregg.
The word "Hypertext" is official. Ted Nelson presents at the Conference of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). Start of the Stanford Language
Bob Taylor (ARPA, Computer Research Program) , develops the idea of connecting some computers. Creation at Brown University of The Hypertext Editing System, by Ted Nelson et Andries Van Dam Hypertext Editing System becomes FRESS (File Retrieval and Editing System) produced at Brown.
So at the end of the pioneering 60s, during the McLuhan years, the years of much liberation and social turmoil in Europe and America, CALL was making rapid progress. Mini-computers were about to be born, well after the advent of the mini-skirt and around the time of the Austin Mini.
First electronic conferencing system DELPHI Development of memory chip by Intel.
In the late 1970s, the arrival of the personal computer (PC) brought computing within the range of a wider audience, resulting in a boom in the development of CALL programs and a flurry of publications. Early CALL favoured an approach that drew heavily on practices associated with programmed instruction
Ray Tomlinson invents the program e-mail for distributed network. Intel introduces the world's first microprocessor, the 4004, invented in 1969 by Ted Hoff, S. Mazor and F. Fagin. (Byte, 1990).
8-bit 8008 chip introduced. Phillips demonstrates the first laser videodisc. The Board of Mathematical Sciences recommends computer literacy.
Wilkins publishes «Notional Syllabuses». Apple Computer is formed, release of Apple I (6502-based). Texas instruments announces the TMS9000, the first 16-bit microprocessor.
Throughout the 1980s CALL widened its scope, embracing the communicative approach and a range of new technologies. CALL has now established itself as an important area of research in higher education
1980 might well be regarded as the year of Seymour Papert, Logo and Mindstorms.
IBM introduces the first PC or Personal Computer.
Digital Equipment Corporation publishes a history of computer-based education. TESOL Steering Committee approves the creation of a CALL SIG with Vance Stevens as its first Chair.
Phillips releases the first CD-ROM (Compact Disk- Read Only Memory).
Development of INTERMEDIA by a team of Brown University, managed by Norman Meyrowitz and Nicole Yankelovitch, conceived as a learning and research tool.
The first British conference on hypertext takes place in Scotland in Aberdeen. The Internet's rate of growth increases more and more: it reaches 6,200 hosts before the WWW is even created
We'd love to hear from you. Please send questions or feedback to the below email addresses.
Before contacting us, you may wish to visit our FAQs page which has lots of useful info on Tiki-Toki.
We can be contacted by email at: hello@tiki-toki.com.
You can also follow us on twitter at twitter.com/tiki_toki.
If you are having any problems with Tiki-Toki, please contact us as at: help@tiki-toki.com
Close