Stop AAPI Hate

At Stop AAPI Hate, we believe in increasing exposure to the voices and histories of all communities by expanding ethnic studies and education. Ethnic studies helps teach students the sources of this racism and promotes racial empathy and solidarity. We have put together this timeline of Asian American and Pacific Islander events to share our history. This is a work in progress that we'll continue to update.

1587-10-01 00:00:00

Luzonian Filipinos

The first group of Asian origin migrants were from the Philippines. Known as ”Luzonians,” they were part of a Spanish trading party and arrived 33 years before the Plymouth pilgrims.

1811-08-13 00:00:00

Native Hawaiians in Fort Astoria

The first Native Hawaiians (“Kānaka”) to permanently settle in the United States emigrated to the colony of Astoria, located in present-day Oregon, on the merchant ship the Tonquin. They were brought there by the Pacific Fur Company to build Fort Astoria, the first U.S.-owned settlement on the Pacific Coast. Learn more about Fort Astoria at the link below.

1863-01-01 00:00:00

Chinese migrants worked on the western leg of transcontinental railroad

In 1869, the First Transcontinental Railroad was completed — to the credit of 20,000 Chinese immigrants. Chinese immigrants flocked to the United States during the California Gold Rush, in search of economic opportunities. Though at first anti-Chinese sentiment made it difficult for them to secure employment — many believed that Chinese were not strong enough to endure the long hours and strenuous work conditions — the demand for labor was high and railroad companies had no choice but to hire Chinese laborers. By 1867, 90% of railroad workers were Chinese immigrants. However important their role in the completion of the railroad, Chinese workers worked long hours in dangerous conditions, and for 50% less than whites. Hundreds died during construction and no thanks was given to Chinese laborers for their historical contributions to U.S. infrastructure. Learn more about Chinese railroad workers below.

1867-06-25 00:00:00

Labor Strike

On June 25, 1867 a strike broke out among Chinese railroad workers who demanded fair wages and accommodations and better working conditions. At the time, it represented the largest labor action in the nation, according to the Chinese Railroad Workers in North America Project. The strike lasted for one week, at which point the Central Pacific Railroad Company restricted access to food, supplies, and transportation and threatened retribution for workers who expressed their dissent, ending the demonstration once and for all. Though no formal concessions were made, the strike inspired several smaller labor actions elsewhere in the United States. Learn more about the strike below.

1868-05-17 00:00:00

The Gannenmono migration

In 1868, a passenger ship carrying 153 artisans, peasants, and other Japanese landed on the shores of Hawaii. The first people to make the 4,000-mile voyage between islands, these immigrants came to be known as the “gannenmono,” or “first year men.” By the turn of the century, 180,000 Japanese had immigrated to Hawaii to raise families, start businesses, and grow crops. Learn more about the Gannenmono below.

1875-01-01 15:43:53

San Francisco Scapegoats Chinese for Outbreaks

During the 1875-'76 smallpox outbreak in San Francisco, officials blamed Chinatown and fumigated the neighborhood. The outbreak raged on afterwards, yet officails insisted that Chinese residents were to blame. Similarly, in 1900 San Francisco quarantined 30,000 Chinese residents with barbed wire during the bubonic plague while white residents were free to go.

1875-03-03 00:00:00

The Page Act

The Page Act of 1875 effectively prohibited the entry of East Asian women, especially Chinese women. Chinese women were perceived as a sexual threat, stereotyped as promiscuous and as prostitutes. This is the first restrictive federal immigration law in the United States, and one that created the policing of immigrants around sexuality.

1880-01-01 00:00:00

Punjabi Farmers in California

Over 2,000 Punjabi farmers are brought over to work on agricultural fields in Calfornia.

1882-05-06 00:00:00

Chinese Exclusion Act

In 1882, at the height of economic recession, Chinese laborers were scapegoated for declining wages and job opportunities. Even though Chinese accounted for less than 1% of the U.S. population, white workers across the country called for their deportation in a wave of demonstrations that accumulated in the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act, which suspended Chinese immigration for 10 years and declared Chinese immigrants ineligible for naturalization. Federal lawmakers cited economic factors in the decision, but also at play was the desire to maintain racial purity within the United States. Some Chinese Americans tried to protest the legislation, but an 1854 Supreme Court decision (People v. Hall) made it illegal for Chinese to testify in court, which limited their options for legal recourse. As a result, the Chinese Exclusion Act remained in effect until 1943, when an immigration quota was established. Learn more about the Chinese Exclusion Act below.

1885-01-01 00:00:00

Gurubai Karmarkar & Hu King En

Hu King Eng and Gurubai Karmarkar graduated from Women’s Medical College in Pennsylvania. Hu King Eng, born and raised in Fuzhou, was the second ethnic Chinese woman to graduate from a U.S. university. Gurubai Karmarkar of Mumbai was the first ethnic Indian woman to do the same.

Stop AAPI Hate

1587
1811
1863
1867
1868
1875
1875
1880
1882
1885
1885
1897
1900
1903
1905
1910
1912
1913
1922
1922
1923
1935
1942
1946
1957
1965
1967
1975
1976
1977
1982
1993
1998
2001
2001
2020
2020
2020
2021
2021
1587
Launch
Copy this timeline Login to copy this timeline 3d

1587
1676
1870
1882
1900
1912
1922
1952
1975
1995
2020
2032