William Hunt, 8th Science
Aristotle was a Greek philosopher and polymath, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. He was born in 384 BC in Stageira and he died in 322 BC, in Chalcis. Aristotle believed all matter was made up of the four elements – air, water, fire, earth They were made up of particles with specific properties.
Democritus was an Ancient Greek philosopher. "He was an influential pre-Socratic philosopher and pupil of Leucippus" He was born in 460 BC in Abdera and died in 370 BC. Democritus believed that there were indivisible particles; all matter was thought to be composed of atoms. It differed from Aristotle because unlike Earth, wind, fire, and water, he thought each atom had unique properties.
John Dalton was an English chemist, meteorologist and physicist. He studied weather patterns and gasses He was Born on September 6, 1766 in Cockermouth, England. And he died on July 27, 1844 in Manchester. John Dalton. He believed atoms to be small particles that are unbreakable that have no means of internal structure to them. He came up with his Atomic theory as a result of his research into gases. His findings led him to believe that elements that combine at the atomic level in fixed ratios. (Note; Basic mass is different to each element.)
Sir Joseph John "J. J." Thomson, was a British physicist and Nobel laureate. He is credited for the discovery of isotopes and electrons. He was Born on December 18, 1856 in Cheetham Hill. And he died on August 30, 1940, Cambridge J.J Thomson comes up with the plum pudding model. He discovered that electrons were "embedded in a sphere of positive electric charge."
Ernest Rutherford was a british chemist and physicist. He was born on August 30, 1871in Brightwater. And died on October 19, 1937 in Cambridge. He Discovers that an atom has a dense positively charged center known as the nucleus. The electrons move randomly around it. He uses the gold foil experiment to prove his findings.
Niels Bohr was a Danish physicist. He discovered quantum mechanics aw well as receiving the Nobel Peace Price in 1922 for physics. He was born on October 7, 1885 in Copenhagen. And died on November 18, 1962 in Copenhagen. He changed previous models, his included that electrons move in spherical orbitals with fixed distance from the nuclei.
Louis de Broglie was a french physicist and a Nobel laureate in 1929. He was born on August 15, 1892 in Dieppebelieve. And died on March 19, 1987 in Louveciennes. He believed that moving particles such as electrons have some properties of waves. A few years later there would be evidence to support his proposal.
Werner Heisenberg was a German theoretical physicist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1932. He was born on December 5, 1901 in Würzburg. And he died on February 1, 1976 in Munich. He proved that an electron’s location and speed in orbit around the nucleus cannot be determined because of Uncertainty Principle. Any attempt to find the location would alter the electron’s position therefore it would not be able to be pinpointed.
Erwin Schrödinger was an Austrian physicist. His discoveries result in the Quantum Theory. He was born on August 12, 1887 in Vienna. And he died on January 4, 1961 inVienna. He develops mathematical equations to prove the electrons motion in atoms. Electrons are most likely found in orbitals. This leads to the electron cloud model.
Sir James Chadwick was an english Nobel laureate in physics. He was born on October 20, 1891 in Bollington. And died on July 24, 1974 in Cambridge. He confirms the existence of neutral neutrons. Atomic nuclei contain neutrons and positively charged protons.
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