The Lumière brothers, Auguste and Louis, were sons of well known Lyons based portrait painter Antoine Lumiere. They were both technically minded and excelled in science subjects and were sent to Technical School. Antoine, abandoned his art and set up a business manufacturing and supplying photographic equipment. Joining him in this venture was Louis who began experimenting with the photographic equipment his father was manufacturing. During his experimentation, Louis discovered a process which assisted the development of photography. Louis developed a new 'dry plate' process in 1881 at the age of seventeen, it became known as the 'Etiquette Bleue' process. Their first public screening was in 1895 28th of December. it was the screening of their first picture 'arrival of a train' at la gotat.
Maries Georges Jean Méliès was born in Paris in 1861. When the Lumière brothers unveiled their Cinématographe to the public on December 28 1895 Méliès was a member of the audience. What he witnessed clearly had a profound effect upon him. After the show he approached the Lumière Brothers with a view to buying their machine - they turned him down. Determined to investigate moving pictures, Méliès sought out Robert Paul in London and viewed his camera - projector building his own, soon afterwards. He was able to present his first film screening on April 4th 1896. it was named the Animatograph Melies camera jammed while he was filming a bus and the bus changed into a Hersey. this was later named the jump-cut melies films: the hunted castle( 1896) a trip to the moon( 1902) melies was thought to have never moved the camera when he filmed. he had no shot variation as well. however his films where fictional+special with effect and it was called theatrical. melies created the: fade in & fade out over-lapping dissolves and stop motion photography.
Edwin S. Porter joined the Vita scope Marketing Company in 1895 where his experience with electrical engineering was called into use. Whilst working as a projectionist, one of Porter’s many duties included the illegal duplication of Méliès films. He would take apart one act reels and combine several of these into a fifteen minute programme. In addition, he attempted to create his own camera and projector but his efforts were in vain and in 1900 he returned to Edison’s Company not in an engineering capacity but as a producer and director at Edison’s East 21st Street Skylight studio. A fan of the films of Georges Méliès, Porter tried to emulate the trick photography which Méliès had introduced to the world and had proved incredibly successful, in films such as 'The Finish of Bridget McKeen' (1901) and 'Jack and the Beanstalk' (1902). Porter was also one of the first directors to shoot at night in his 'Pan-American Exposition by Night' He's shots were longer = long shots, he followed the action by cut to it and lastly hes cuts were visible. hes films : life of an american fireman ( 19030 the greatest train robbery ( 1903) rescued from an eagles nest (1908) hes used - temporal-overlaps
then came splicing which took over in-camera editing due to the fact you didn't need to relay on the to stop and start. you could physically cut and stick the films using a splicer. splicing took editing from a camera to Editing at a bench. However the disadvantages where that you couldn't see what you where cutting/editing.
BEGINNING OF EDITING IN MOTION PICTURE The very first films were called actualities - they were short, single-shot films with a stationary camera, viewing a scene (a train pulling into a station, workers leaving a factory. this was done without editing of any kind. The art of film editing (originally called "cutting" since it involved splicing together pieces of nitrate or celluloid) first developed in the films of Parisian Georges Melies (e.g., Le Voyage Dans La Lune (1902) (aka A Trip to the Moon)) and Edwin S. Porter (e.g., Life of an American Fireman (1903) and The Great Train Robbery (1903)). Editing involved the manipulation of time and space to tell a story. 1903: editing became popular after Edwin porter ( a great american film pioneer) cooked up his film the great train robbery. his film used several cinematic techniques, such as cross cutting double exposure and camera movement. Melies started off editing with in-camera editing, by stopping and starting the camera. with this he found out special effects and jump cutting. However the disadvantages of using in-camera editing was you had to relay on the camera to stop and start.
click the video to see learn about splicing.
created in 1924 by iwan serruner initially planned as a home entertainment machine but was too expensive for most costumers £20,000 in today's money. it was later re-purposed to an editing machine. it allowed editors to play the movies back and decide which bit they wanted to cut out / edit. The moviola was also used to cut news reels. the moviola had three reels. The first reel was for your first edit your, second was for your second edit and the third reel was for you to watch your edit. for the first time you are able to cut and watch your edit all in one machine. that what made it better than the splicer. However it was a very loud machine and had limited functionality which meant it had to be replaced with another machine.
click video to learn about splicing
click the video
the device that replaced the moviola is the steen beck flat bed editor. it was a flat bed which the film and soundtrack could be laid down and edited separately, whilst being played on one screen and seeing the new result on the second screen. it allowed editors to see what scene they where about to edit ( this was better than the splicer because you couldn't see what you where cutting but now you can also use more than three reels and edit more than two scenes.
In the early days of electronic video production, linear (tape-to-tape) editing was the only way to edit video tapes. Then, in the 1990s, non-linear editing computers became available and opened a whole new world of editing power and flexibility. Non-linear editing was not approved by everyone and many editors did not like the new wave. In addition, early digital video was criticized with performance issues and uncertainty. However, the advantages of non-linear video eventually became so overwhelming that they could not be ignored. In the 21st Century non-linear gained dominance and linear editing headed towards obsolescence. During this time the description "non-linear" was slowly abandoned as it was no longer necessary—almost all editing was now digital and the "non-linear" aspect was assumed. Linear was used less.
advent of computer and introduction of digital editing. while magnetic tape as been around since 1956 but it was invented by ampex. true digital film making didn't start till the realize of avid one in 1889. being a non-linear editor it meant that editor to cut any part of the film at any time they wanted. this gave editor much more freedom. they could also change the length of a clip. which was easier instead of having to make a final design cut.
Enter story info here
advent of computers and the introduction of digital editing. while magnetic-tape as been around since 1956 but it was invented by ampex. however true digital film making didn't start till the realize of avid one in 1989. being a non-linear editor it meant that editors could cut any part of the film at any time they wanted. this gave editors much more freedom and they could change the length of the clip. which mad it easier instead of having to make a final design.
After this the population of digital film editing increasing all the way up to final cut pro which a lot of videos today are edited on.
Enter story info here
the film avengers is just as similar as the films created by melies, Edwin and the Lumiere brothers. it consist of the same thing the three pioneers were using. fades, cuts, overlaps, atop-motion, in-camera and long-take. in the avengers clip bellow u will see influences of the pioneers work in the avengers movie. we see cuts, close ups,mid shots and even following of the action which is a conversation between iron man and Loki. also the location, it was shot behind a green screen (which is the influence behind melies's staged scenes which had a painted background of a location and then objects that the actors could touch to make it look real.) all they did was add little objects here and there. the green screen effect was used by melies in his the trip to the moon film.
films today are exactly the same has they use to be back in the days the way they make it is exactly the same. however its just that now a days films are no more in black and white, the equipment is grater and better than back in the days. back in the days they didn't have a way of filming they were just experimenting. but has time went on things started developing and people started using techniques of others and improving it. that is what today s films are, they are improved techniques. we don't have to cut films rolls to edit our footage. we don't need to color in our characters to get color we have software's and computers for that.
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