The Slavs came to our region. They belong to the oldest inhabitants of Europe
Celts -first coins in Slovakia -rotating potter’s wheel, -scissors, rake, chain - first coins in Slovakia Influence of Greek civilization from the Black-Sea region and from the Etruscan culture of the south
- it was the first bigger Slovenian state •people settled mostly those places where the trading routes headed •one of the oldest trading road was amber road which connected Baltic with Black sea coast
The oldest Slavonic calligraphy – Glagolitic (Hlaholithic) alphabet The brothers Constantine and Method headed a mission to Great Moravia at the invitation of Prince Rastislav. From the small Greek alphabet Constantine devised the oldest Slavonic calligraphy – Glagolitic (Hlaholithic) alphabet. Together with Methodius they translated liturgical books and part of the Bible into Old Church Slavonic.
Flowering of handicrafts, iron and other metal workers, glass-makers skilled in various techniques. • inhabitants of GM created their own technology of processing iron • hoes, scythe, knives and axes as well as weapons • pottery was also advanced • potters of GM used rotating potter’s wheel • surface of the jar was decorated by typical ornament- wave
Slovakia - part of Hungary. The territory of Slovakia became, for nearly one thousand years, an integral and the most developed part of Hungary by the end of the eleventh century
The amount of arable land increased, the economy improved, as did the crafts, trades and mining. Most important economic activities were: - farming, stock rising, hunting, fishing - crafts – leather processing, weaving - mining and panning of rare metals - trading Towns were developed on the crossroads of trade routes
Tatar troops plundered south-western Slovakia
Only well-fortified castles resisted the Tatar invasions. King Béla IV. started to build a network of Gothic castles throughout the country. The cities grew; numerous castles and roads were built.
Golden coins were struck in Kremnica – the Kremnica Ducat. The mint in Kremnica has operated down there until the present as the oldest in Europe.
Especially important for Hungary were the numerous mining towns and villages. Some of the towns became rich as a result of long-distance trade along the Danube trade route between west and east; others, on the trade route between the Black Sea and the Baltic. Mining represented a traditionally important branch of the economy. Its golden age was in the fourteenth century when precious metals from Slovakia prevailed in the European markets. Silver mining, mainly in the region around Banská Štiavnica and gold from the Kremnica mines represented about a quarter of the output of these metals from European mines. During the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries Slovakia was again the most important world producer and exporter of copper. CRAFT PRODUCTION: - furrier - tailoring - footwear - saddlers - butcher - joinery
First university founded according to the model of the University of Bologna. The Academia Istropolitana, founded by King Mathias Corvinus Hunyadi, a propagator of the new ideas of renaissance humanism in Hungary.
German family – great tradesmen and financiers. Important business family, owners of the mines of rare metals, mainly copper. In Slovak town Banska Bystrica they created the biggest mine of copper in the world. They were important tradesmen of different commodities like copper, silver, silk, spices. They traded with west and east as well. Their business was so successful that they began to lend money to royal families; Habsburg family was the main client. They belonged to the richest families of the world until Rothschild family took this place.
Expansion of the Osman (Ottoman) Empire. The defeat at Mohacs in 1526 meant that most of Hungary proper was taken by the Turks; until Hungary's reconquest by the Hapsburgs in the second half of the seventeenth century. Slovakia became the centre of Hungarian political, cultural, and economic life. In 1536 Bratislava became the capital city of Hungary. The proximity of the Turks effected a retardation of the economy. War, cross-border raids, pillage, fires, taking captives as hostages or as slaves became the customary way of life in the region for 150 years.
Mikoviny made a significant contribution to the development of mining in Upper Hungary, (today central Slovakia) helping it to achieve a place among the most technically developed industries in Europe at that time. He was a leading expert on the construction of water reservoirs, mining machinery, foundries, and mills. His chief contribution is construction of a sophisticated system of reservoirs, known as tajchy, which drained water from the flooded mines in Schemnitz/Selmecbánya (now Banská Štiavnica) and provided energy for its local industry. In 1735, Mikoviny became the first professor of the school of mining at Banská Štiavnica, which later became the first technical university in Europe.
Reforms of the entire country to modernize and bring it forward to western European monarchies. Establishment of factories - canvas, glass and cotton. They were based by the husband of Maria Theresa for example manufactory of cotton fabrics in Šaštín, textile manufactory in Galicia, majolica manufactory and a textile factory in Holic. In agriculture Queen promoted new crops and forage. They started to breed new breeds of horses, cattle and sheep, which provided higher benefits
Establishment of factories. 70 % of the Slovaks worked on the land, still characterised in this region mainly by the small farms and outdate production methods and technologies. Queen promoted new crops and forage. They started to breed new breeds of horses, cattle and sheep, which provided higher benefits. Another activity that greatly influenced economic development in the Empire, was the establishment of factories - manufactory of cotton fabrics in Šaštín, textile manufactory in Galicia, majolica manufactory and a textile factory in Holic. 1763 Maria Theresa established the school of mining at Banská Štiavnica, which later became the first technical university in Europe.
Slovakia - significant European centre of bronze production - was rich in copper ore. Slovakia • production of tools, weapons, jewellery • the main economic activity was farming
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