Michael J. Fimian;xNLx;;xNLx;All timings are approximate.;xNLx;;xNLx;Special thanks go to: Chris Pappas: ;xNLx;;xNLx;http://elearningindustry.com/instructional-design-models-and-theories ;xNLx;;xNLx;Additional dates provided by Education Online: ;xNLx;;xNLx;http://www.educationonline.com/2011/history-of-distance-learning/;xNLx;;xNLx;And Edudemic.com at ;xNLx;;xNLx;http://www.edudemic.com/the-evolution-of-distance-learning/;xNLx;;xNLx;XXXXXX;xNLx;
Claims to be the first US Correspondence School, founded in Boston.
More than 60 million Americans are enrolled in "distance education." This totals more than all other forms of post-secondary education combined.
Ivan Pavlov discovers Classical Conditioning Theory, while conducting research on the digestive system of dogs. The bell in this experiment was rung and then followed by giving the dog food. The food made the dog salivate then the ringing of the bell had little effect. The salivating from the meat was an unconditioned response. Over time, the dog came to salivate by the ringing of the bell. The reasoning for this is that the dog was conditioned to think that food soon followed the ringing of the bell.
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Thorndike introduces his Laws and Connectionism Theory, which are based on the Active Learning Principles
After World War II.
Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka and Wolfgang Köhler introduce Gestalt Psychology
National Home Student Council, or NHSC, founded to help regulate the industry, in response to the consumer protection movement.
Before World War II, it was commonly held that half of all lawyers and accountants west of the Mississippi had received their training via correspondence schools.
During a five-year period, the ICS earns 18.5 million dollars from correspondence course. This is the equivalent of 261 million dollars today.
Psychologist Frederic Bartlett proposes the Schema Theory.
1937 - B.F. Skinner introduces the Operant Conditioning Theory
May and Doob publish Competition and Cooperation, where the Cooperative and Collaborative Learning Theory is launched, discussed and analyzed
American prisoner's of war are permitted to enroll in correspondence courses.
The american GI Bill changes education from a privilege to a right for GIs.
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The Korean GI Bill lists all reliable education agencies; correspondence learning becomes eligible for federal aid.
Computer-based Instruction is used in educational and training environments
The Information Processing Theory emerges
UH attempts to restore it's educational films archives to digital format.
Skinner introduces the Programmed Instruction Educational Model
The National Home Study Council, or NHSC, becomes a free standing commission.
The Inquiry-based Learning Model is developed, based on constructivist learning theories.
Jerome Bruner introduces the Discovery Learning Model
Howard Barrows introduces Problem-based Learning (PBL) in the medical education program at McMaster University in Canada
1962 - The Keller Plan revolves around the Individualized Instruction Model and is used in educational environments throughout the United States
David Ausubel publishes his findings on the Subsumption Theory
1.2 million veterans -- 20% of whom are Vietnam vets -- choose to use their education benefits at NHSC schools.
The Open University is founded by Royal Charter in the United Kingdom, and obtains continued government funding. It employed both radio and televisions to teach classes.
Allan Paivio hypothesized about the Dual Coding Theory; a theory of cognition.
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Merlin Wittrock publishes the Generative Learning Theory
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Bernard Luskin, a pioneer in the field of distance learning, founds Coastline Community College. This is the first college in the US without a campus.
1978 - Lev Vygotsky releases information about his Social-Cultural Learning Theory
Charles Reigeluth introduces the Elaboration Theory
1980 - Reginald Revans introduces the Action Learning Model
David Merrill introduces the Component Display Theory and Instructional Model
1983 - The first Computer-supported Intentional Learning Environments (CSILEs) prototype is used in a university setting
1983 - J. M. Keller's ARCS Model of Motivation Model is published
relies upon the idea that individuals are able to learn by investigating scenarios and problems, and through social experiences.
Cognitive Load Theory suggests that learners can absorb and retain information effectively only if it is provided in such a way that it does not “overload” their mental capacity. In other words, our short term memory, or working memory, can only retain a certain amount of information simultaneously. Cognitive load theory was developed out of the study of problem solving by John Sweller in the late 1980s,
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