The term "Pax Romana," which literally means "Roman peace," refers to the time period from 27 B.C.E. to 180 C.E. in the Roman Empire. This 200-year period saw unprecedented peace and economic prosperity throughout the Empire, which spanned from England in the north to Morocco in the south and Iraq in the east. During the Pax Romana, the Roman Empire reached its peak in terms of land area, and its population swelled to an estimated 70 million people.
Jewish religious authorities demanded that the Roman procurator, Pontius Pilate, arrest Jesus (the son of God). Pilate, fearing the political repercussions of Jesus's ministry, agreed. Jesus was tried for blasphemy and treason. Found guilty, he was put to death by the Romans. The method of execution was crucifixion and the instrument of Jesus's death, the cross, is the Christian faith's most important symbol.
Collapsed due to the political rivalries that occurred in the palace between the Eunuch,the empress family members, & the subject. Because the administrators were too occupied with these political rivalries, they couldn't solve the problems faced by the Han Dynasty at the time. Such as drought,crop failure,and invasion of foreign army.
The Moche were located on the northern coast of Peru. They built huge and bizarre pyramids, called huacas, that still dominate the surrounding countryside; some well over a hundred feet tall. These pyramids contain rich collections of murals depicting both secular and sacred scenes from the Moche world. Others house the elaborate tombs of Moche leaders. The Moche left no written record but they did leave a fabulous account of their life and times in paintings on pots and vessels. Many show everyday events and objects such as people, fish, birds and other animals. Others show scenes from what, at first sight, look like a series of battles.
Emperor of the Han Dynasty. Soon after he founded the Han Dynasty, he granted territories in strategic parts of the country to nobles of his clan, with the title "king". The kings had their own armies, levied their own taxes, issued currency, and appointed and removed officials within their own jurisdictions.
The final emperor of the Pax Romana. His reign was followed by the disastrous reign of his brutal son Commodus. By this time, the Empire was struggling to hold off attacking tribes on the frontiers.
The Han continued the Qin organization and empire to build a strong but humane government, great wealth, good Confucian education for upper class men, important inventions and excellent long distance trade along the Silk Road. In contrast to the Qin, the Han followed Confucian ideals rather than the cruel legalism of the Q’in Dynasty.
Xiongnu Huns overtake Han dynasty in China. During the Han dynasty, a new group of people came to town to show what they were made of. The Huns. The Huns were a group of nomadic invaders that migrated from place to place to build up a bigger empire.
First unified, multi-national and power-centralized state in the Chinese history. The Qin Dynasty is important because it is the first dynasty to unite multiple parts of geographic China into one coherant nation.
The Edict of Milan was granted by Emperor Constantine the Great in the West and Licinius Augustus in the East in 313 granting religious freedom throughout the Roman Empire. In addition, the Edict of Milan ordered the restitution of property confiscated from Christians.
Defined by creativity; flourishing arts, fabulous literature, and stupendous scholars are just a few of the things that marked the period. The Gupta dynasty flourished immensely under Chandragupta II, but rapidly weakened during the reign of his two successors.
The central government formed by Chandragupta Maurya provided a stable, unified nation. This political and military unity used regional governors to control justice and security, and let all kinds of trade expand and thrive. The trade that India engaged in along the Silk Road flourished because of the decreased number of bandits on the roads, and the internal trade also did well because of the single currency that Chandragupta established in India. Chandra Gupta and Ashoka were able to unite Northern India using military force and economic benefits. Buddhism spread rapidly because of the conversion of Ashoka.
Alexander's reign marked the beginning of a new era known as the Hellenistic Age because of the powerful influence that Greek culture had on other people. It spread Greek ideas and culture from the Eastern Mediterranean to Asia. Historians call this era the “Hellenistic period.” The word “Hellenistic” comes from the word Hellazein, which means “to speak Greek or identify with the Greeks.”
Alexander the Great was born in the Pella region of Macedonia on July 20, 356 B.C., to parents King Philip II of Macedon and Queen Olympia, daughter of King Neoptolemus. Took the throne in 338 B.C.E., he vowed to complete the plans of his father. In 334 B.C.E., Alexander invaded Persia, which lay across the Aegean Sea in Asia Minor. While fighting the Persians, Alexander conquered Egypt and founded a city at the mouth of the Nile River.
Caused deep alteration in its social structure with implications reaching up to the spiritual field. The result of these implications in the spiritual field created a new civilization. Today we call it "Western Civilization".
In the Catalaunian Plains Aetius, together with the Visigoths, met Attila's Huns who were reinforced by many German tribes. The battle saw the death of the Visigoth king Theodoric I, but Attila was decisively beaten. Though instead of withdrawing into back into Germany, Attila moved into Italy, with Aetius unable to stop him. The Huns captured and sacked Milan, destroyed Aquileia and then marched on Rome. Aetius, without the Visigoths, could not possibly take on an army the size of Attila's and was forced to stand by as this happened. As Rome lay helpless to the menacing Huns, pope Leo I somehow persuaded Attila to turn back and leave the ancient city unscathed.
Athens was a center for the arts, learning, and philosophy. Pericles was the most prominent and influential Greek statesman, orator and general of Athens during the Golden Age. Socrates was an Athenian philosopher credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy.
The invading army reached the outskirts of Rome, which had been left totally undefended. The Visigoths, led by Alaric, breached the walls of Rome and sacked the capital of the Roman Empire. The Visigoths looted, burned, and pillaged their way through the city, leaving a wake of destruction wherever they went. The plundering continued for three days. For the first time in nearly a millennium, the city of Rome was in the hands of someone other than the Romans.
Romans overthrew their Etruscan conquerors; the Etruscans had ruled over the Romans for hundreds of years. Romans established a republic, a government in which citizens elect representatives to rule on their behalf.
Justinian is credited as one of the greatest emperors in late Roman and Byzantine history. His achievements in the fields of art, architecture, legal reform, and conquest are remarkable by the standards of any leader in history. The works of Procopius have contributed greatly to this understanding as well as criticisms of his regime. His Christian faith was evident in all the spheres of his enterprise, marking a step in the transition of emperors from leaders in war and politics to leaders of faith and patronage as well.
Central Asian Nomads; began invading India.The Gupta military efforts to defend the empire had drained the treasury.
Confucius was a thinker, political figure, educator, and founder of the Ru School of Chinese thought; believed that people live their lives within parameters firmly established by Heaven, which means both a purposeful Supreme Being as well as ‘nature’ and its fixed cycles and patterns. Laozi was the supreme deity of Daoism; believed "simplicity" to be the key to truth and freedom.
Founder of Buddhism; also known as "The Enlightened One".
End of Era of Divisions; Six Dynasties The Sui Dynasty was an ephemeral Imperial Chinese dynasty which unified China in the 6th century. Preceded by the Southern and Northern Dynasties, it ended nearly four centuries of division between rival regimes
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