This development can be categorized in terms of three phases which will refer to Behavioristic CALL, Communicative CALL, and Integrative CALL.
This is the first phase of CALL emerged in 1950s and began to be implemented in the following years.
Here is the time in which Behavioristic CALL began to be implemented.
PLATO was one of sophisticated CALL tutoring systems developed for the mainframe computers used at this phase. This system included vocabulary drills, brief grammar explanations and drills, and translations tests at various intervals.
This second phase became prominent in the '70s and '80s that lean on communicative approach teaching. Several types of CALL programs were developed and used during this phase. First, there were a variety of programs to provide skill practice, but in a non-drill format. Secondly, as communicative activities, it involved the computer as stimulus. In this case, the purpose of the CALL activity is not so much to have students discover the right answer, but rather to stimulate students' discussion, writing, or critical thinking. Then, it did involved the computer as tool. In this role, the programs do not necessarily provide any language material at all, but rather empower the learner to use or understand language.
Integrative approaches to CALL are based on two important technological developments of the last decade; multimedia computers and the Internet.
Multimedia technology allows a variety of media (text, graphics, sound, animation, and video) to be accessed on a single machine. What makes multimedia even more powerful is that it also entails hypermedia. That means that the multimedia resources are all linked together and that learners can navigate their own path simply by pointing and clicking a mouse.
Internet can be used to help create an environment where authentic and creative communication is integrated into all aspects of the course. It is not hard to see how computer-mediated communication and the Internet can facilitate an integrative approach to using technology. Using the World Wide Web (WWW), students can search through millions of files around the world within minutes to locate and access authentic materials (e.g. newspaper and magazine articles, radio broadcasts, short videos, movie reviews, book excerpts) exactly tailored to their own personal interests. They can also use the Web to publish their texts or multimedia materials to share with partner classes or with the general public.
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