CALL is abbreviation of Computer-assisted language learning that focus on study of applications of the computer in language teaching and learning.
Firstly, CALL have been used on 1960s. one of The PLATO project start at university of Illinois in 1960s which is an important stage in the early development of CALL.
CALL has developed gradually over the last 30 years. this development can be divided into three phase., they are behavioristic CALL, communicative CALL, and integrative CALL
Behavioristic CALL comprehended in the 1950s and implemented in the 1960s and 1970s. This mode of CALL featured repetitive language drills; refer to as drill-and-practice. In this paradigm, the computer was seen as a mechanical tutor that never grew tired or judgmental and allowed students to work at an individual step. Though behaviorist CALL eventually gravitated to the personal computer, it was first designed and implemented in the era of the mainframe. It is known as PLATO, special hardware consisting of a central computer and featured extensive drills, grammatical explanations, and translation tests.
Communicative CALL occur in the late 1970s and early 1980s, Supporters of communicative CALL emphasize that computer-based activities should focus more on using forms than on the forms themselves, teach grammar implicitly, allow and encourage students to generate original utterances and use the target language primarily. Communicative CALL agreed to cognitive theories which emphasize that learning was a process of discovery, expression, and development.
Integrative CALL is a perspective mix both to integrate four skills e.g., listening, speaking, reading, and writing and also integrate technology into the language learning process. Task-based, project-based, and content-based approaches all sought to integrate learners in authentic environments. In integrative approaches, students learn to use a variety of technological tools as an ongoing process of language learning and use, rather than visiting the computer lab for exercises whether the exercises be behavioristic or communicative.
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