Socrates (470-399 B.C.) left no writings; all we know of his teaching was gleaned from the works of his students, Plato and Xenophon. In contrast to the relativism of the Sophists, Socrates sought to understand the nature of virtue as a guide to moral conduct. Perhaps his most important educational contribution was the so-called Socratic method of instruction (inquiry). Saettler. (2004). The Evolution of American Educational Technology.
Small group of peripatetic teachers drawn to Athens - freelance teachers. Protagoras, Prodikos, Hippias, and Thrasymachus. Saettler. (2004). The Evolution of American Educational Technology.
The writing slate was in use in Indian schools in the 11th century as mentioned in Alberuni's Indica (Tarikh Al-Hind), written in the early 11th century.
Emperor Frederick I of Bologna in 1158 chartered the first University degrees
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Johann Friedrich Herbart (1776-1841), in whom the various trends that had developed since the time of Comenius came to fruition. Herbart expanded the work on how the teacher could assimilate new concepts with old ones. Saettler. (2004). The Evolution of American Educational Technology.
Friedrich Wilhelm Froebel (1782-1852) was born in Oberweissbach, Germany, and, after a haphazard education, spent several years groping for a career until Herr Grüner, headmaster of a Pestalozzian model school in Frankfurt, persuaded him to become a teacher there. He developed a keen interest in young children that culminated in his greatest educational achievement—the kindergarten. Saettler. (2004). The Evolution of American Educational Technology.
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Henry Barnard (1811-1900) anticipated that educational efficiency might be increased ten-fold by the use of some simple apparatus so as to employ the eye in the acquisition of knowledge. Saettler. (2004). The Evolution of American Educational Technology.
Tuiskon Ziller (1817-1882) popularized Herbartian principles by applying his methods to elementary school instruction. Saettler. (2004). The Evolution of American Educational Technology
William James - Pragmatist (1842-1910), for example, in his book, Talks to Teachers on Psychology, made one of the first distinctions between the art and the science of teaching, calling for a scientific approach to instruction. Saettler. (2004). The Evolution of American Educational Technology
G. Stanley Hall (1846-1924) published his Adolescence (1904), a landmark in the scientific study of the child. Saettler. (2004). The Evolution of American Educational Technology
Similarly, also in 1901, John Dewey (1859-1952) interpreted the method of empirical science in educational terms, viewing the classroom as an experimental laboratory. Reflection and active learning important in education. Saettler. (2004). The Evolution of American Educational Technology
Maria Montessori (1870-1952) exerted a dynamic impact on educational technology through her development of graded materials designed to provide for the proper sequencing of subject matter for each individual learner. Saettler. (2004). The Evolution of American Educational Technology.
Edward L. Thorndike - Behaviorist (1874-1949). Saettler. (2004). The Evolution of American Educational Technology
school year became longer and longer, and the number of years of compulsory schooling irresistibly increased. Toffler, A. (1980). The third wave. New York, NY: Bantam.
Visual instruction movement appeared as early as 1886. Saettler. (2004). The Evolution of American Educational Technology.
James Sully Teacher’s Handbook of Psychology (1886) presented one of the first complete discussions of the function of science in the teaching process. Saettler. (2004). The Evolution of American Educational Technology.
Kurt Lewin (1890-1947) at the University of Berlin in the late 1920s were models of theoretical creativity combined with brilliant experimentation. Saettler. (2004). The Evolution of American Educational Technology.
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Dewey decided to establish a Laboratory School for the purpose of testing his educational theories and their sociological implications. Saettler. (2004). The Evolution of American Educational Technology
Dewey called for the development of a connection between the theorist and educational practice. Saettler. (2004). The Evolution of American Educational Technology.
Instructional techniques in secondary classrooms have changed from 1900 to 1980. Saettler.(2004). The Evolution of American Educational Technology.
Toffler, A. (1980). The third wave. New York, NY: Bantam.
1905, the St. Louis Educational Museum became the first administrative unit for instructional media in a public school system. Saettler. (20004). The Evolution of American Educational Technology.
Vail standardized not only the telephone handset and all its components but AT&Ts business procedures and administration as well. Toffler, A. (1980). The third wave. New York, NY: Bantam.
The first educational film catalog to appear in the United States was the Catalogue of Educational Motion Pictures, published by George Kleine in New York in 1910. Saettler. (2004). The Evolution of American Educational Technology.
the public schools of Rochester, New York, became the first to adopt films for regular instructional use.17 Saettler. (2004). The Evolution of American Educational Technology.
Thomas Edison was one of the first to produce films for classroom showings. Saettler. (2004). The Evolution of American Educational Technology.
Educational Motion Pictures Bureau, Inc. This company, organized in 1914, was the first producing company to issue teaching syllabi with their educational films. Saettler. (2004). The Evolution of American Educational Technology.
Educational Films Corporation. This company was formed in New York City in 1915 by Hammons. Saettler. (2004). The Evolution of American Educational Technology.
The 1917 revolution was Russia's version of the American Civil War. It was fought not primarily, as it seemed, over communism but once again over the issue of industrialization. Toffler, A. (1980). The third wave. New York, NY: Bantam.
Saettler. (2004). The Evolution of American Educational Technology.
Beginnings of Media Research: 1918-1950. Saettler. (2004). The Evolution of American Educational Technology.
Johns Hopkins University - First large-scale educational film research was undertaken in 1919. Saettler. (2004). The Evolution of American Educational Technology.
1920s through the late 1950s almost all experimental psychologists focused on observable behavior, rejected the investigation of mental events, and proclaimed the effects of reinforcement on the behavior of laboratory animals and humans. Saettler. (2004). The Evolution of American Educational Technology.
The advent of the sound film in the late 1920s. Saettler. (2004). The Evolution of American Educational Technology.
1920s, the first books were written describing a methodology for the film in the classroom, and the first courses were established for teachers concerning the use of the educational film. Saettler. (2004). The Evolution of American Educational Technology.
A number of colleges and universities were engaged in some form of educational film production as early as the 1910s. One of the first attempts at providing complete film coverage of a subject came in 1921 and 1922 with Yale University. Saettler. (2004). The Evolution of American Educational Technology.
The first educational license was issued to the Latter Day Saints’ University of Salt Lake City, Utah, on an unlisted day and month in 1921. Saettler. (2004). The Evolution of American Educational Technology.
Frank N Freeman in 1923, classified and offered as a working basis for four types of educational films. Dramatic, sociological, industrial and scientific. Saettler. (2004). The Evolution of American Educational Technology.
The growth of educational radio occurred primarily from 1925 to 1935. Saettler. (2004). The Evolution of American Educational Technology.
Sidney L. Pressey exhibited a device that anticipated the modern teaching machine at the meetings of the American Psychological Association. Saettler. (2004). The Evolution of American Educational Technology.
Lewin embarked on a nation-wide tour to show the demonstration film and distribute questionnaires regarding the advantages and disadvantages of the new medium, the comparative value of the various parts of the film, and the improvements that might be made. Saettler. (2004). The Evolution of American Educational Technology.
Ohio School of the Air finally made its debut on January 7, 1929. Saettler. (2004). The Evolution of American Educational Technology.
Commercial educational film enterprises were failing. Saettler. (2004). The Evolution of American Educational Technology.
Second national school of the air was launched over the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) on February 4, 1930. Saettler. (2004). The Evolution of American Educational Technology.
Blending the diverse elements that had emerged in the various areas of the humanities and the social sciences. Saettler. (2004). The Evolution of American Educational Technology.
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