Vedic Period [Link_text](http://www.a_url.com)Middle Ages[Link_text](http://www.a_url.com)After 15th Century[Link_text](http://www.a_url.com)Modern Times[Link_text](http://www.a_url.com)
Higher education was imparted at world-renowned universities: Nalanda, Ujjain, Vikramshila and Takshashila.
Takshashila was a noted centre of learning. It attracted students from around the old world.
Nalanda, oldest university on Earth, at its height had 10,000 students, 2,000 staff and strove for both understanding and academic excellence.
Educational Philosophy of Vedas was that teacher should have faith in inherent potential of the leaner.
Vikramaśīla was one of the largest Buddhist universities, with more than one hundred teachers and about one thousand students. It produced eminent scholars who were often invited by foreign countries to spread Buddhist learning, culture and religion.
Education of religion,philosophy,literature,warfare, state craft, medicine, astrology, history, poetry, drama etc was imparted in the gurukuls.
Character building was the main objective of education.
Ujjain was a major centre of mathematical and astronomical research.
Education was free for all. Vedas asserted that very essence of education is concentration of mind.
Vedic education included grammar, composition, reasoning including logic, the sciences, understanding the nature, skills necessary for occupation, medical knowledge. System of education was 'Gurukul' : traditional Hindu residential schools of learning.
Education in ancient India was based on 'Vedas'. (The large body of texts composed in Sanskrit which is the oldest language of the world). Out of 4 Vedas, Rig Veda is the oldest and was composed about 1500 BC.
Each university specialized in a particular field of study. Takshila specialized in the study of medicine, while Ujjain laid emphasis on astronomy. Nalanda, being the biggest centre, handled all branches of knowledge.
British records show that indigenous education was widespread in India in the 18th century. Subjects such as reading writing, arithmetic,theology, law, metaphysics, astronomy, ethics, medical science, religion were taught to the students.
Education was widespread for elite young men. Subjects such reading, writing,arithmetic, metaphysics, ethics, medical science, religion, theology was taught. Western style of education was introduced by the British during their colonial rule. Traditional structures of education were not recognized by them, hence they started declining.
After gaining independence from Britishers in 1947, the education became the responsibility of the states and the Central Government. They coordinated the technical and higher education by specifying the standards.
Indian education system is divided into different levels: Pre-primary, Primary, Elementary, Secondary, Undergraduate and Postgraduate. Education has been made free for all children of age 6 to 14 years under Right of Children for Free and Compulsory Education Act 2009. Indian Higher Education System is 3rd largest in the world after China and USA. According to Census of 2011,National Literacy Rate is around 74%.
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